STUDIES ON COVID-19 VACCINE

COMPLICATIONS IN VACCINATED
AND NON-VACCINATED POPULATION

SUPERVISOR PRESENTED BY

Dr. MOHD. ZAID SIMRANJOT KAUR

2128936
 INTRODUCTION

 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) is a contagious disease.

 COVID-19 was first discovered in December 2019 (when a cluster of

individuals in Wuhan, China, was diagnosed with pneumonia).

 It is a zoonotic disastrous disease caused by β-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.

 The World Health Organization declared Covid-19 A Public Health Emergency

of International Concern on 30 January 2020, and a Global Pandemic on 11
March 2020.

 SARS-CoV-2 is the third coronavirus to spread rapidly in the last two decades
and cause serious illness.
STRUCTURE OF CORONAVIRUS

The genome of Covid-19 is made up of 300 nucleotides and is encoded by four structural
and functional proteins, M, N, S, and E and it also contains 16 non-structural proteins.

Sr Proteins Function

no.

1. Spike glycoprotein (S) virus entry and host cell recognition

2. Membrane protein (M) needed for the virus assembly

3. Nucleocapsid protein (N) wraps the viral RNA genome

helps in virus transcription

5. Haemagglutinin-esterase Involved in receptor binding and host

(HE) specificity
Life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 (Replication & Pathogenesis)

Binding of S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 with ACE2 receptor

Cleavage of S protein by furin & primed with the help od TMPRSS2

Viral RNA release and nucleoprotein uncoating

Translation of viral polymerase protein

RNA Replication with the help of RdRp (genomic RNA)

Replication/transcription complex (RTC)

TRANSCRIPTION
Subgenomic + mRNA
TRANSLATION
RNA is translated into membrane proteins and accessory proteins

Formation of mature virion and Exocytosis (virus release)

 Treatment strategies of
Covid-19

Antiviral Immunoglobulin Adjunctive

General therapy Immunomodulators therapy
therapy therapy

Supportive
stem cell
Care and Inhibition of Inhibition of virus Monoclonal
Convalescent corticosteroids treatment
Respiratory virus entry replication antibodies
plasma therapy Antibiotics
Support
Vitamins
Camostat Mesylate Remdesivir Natural
Nafamostat - Favipiravir compound
Tocilizumab
Mesylate Galidesivir Dexamethasone Ruxolitinib
Umifenovir Nelfinavir Predinisolone Baricitinib
Hydroxychloroquine Famotidine Fedratinib
Nitazoxanide Indomethacin
COVID-19 VACCINES

Sr. No. Name of vaccine & country of origin Type of vaccine

1 BioNTech/ Pfizer (Germany) mRNA

2 Moderna Biotech (USA) mRNA
3 Oxford/ AstraZeneca(UK) Non-replicating viral vector
4 Gamaleya/ Sputnik (Russia) Non-replicating viral vector
5 Covishield / Serum Institute of India (India) Non-replicating viral vector
6 Janssen/Johnson & Johnson (USA) Non-replicating viral vector
7 Covaxin/ Bharat biotech (India) Inactivated
8 Sinopharm/BBIBP-CorV (China) Inactivated
9 Sinovac/ Coronavac (China) Inactivated
 AIM AND OBJECTIVE

 To give an insight into the structure, pathogenesis and treatment strategies

of Covid-19.

 To study the Post-Covid complications in vaccinated and non-vaccinated

population.

 To study the Pattern of vaccination & efficacy of vaccines.

 To give an insight into problems associated with vaccines.

WORK PLAN
PLAN OF WORK

Extensive literature survey

Collection of data regarding post-

covid-19 complications and
complications associated with
covid-19 vaccines

Compilation of data

Thesis writing
POST COVID COMPLICATIONS

 Post COVID-19 condition is defined as the illness that occurs in people who have a
history of SARS-CoV-2 infection; usually within three months from the onset of
COVID-19, with symptoms and effects that last for at least two months.

 The most common symptoms of post COVID-19 condition includes: Fatigue,

Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, Memory, concentration or sleep
problems, Persistent cough, Chest pain, Trouble speaking, Muscle aches, Loss of
smell or taste, Depression and Fever.
Sr.no Affected body parts Symptoms

1 Nervous system Changes in concentration, Impaired memory, Brain fog myalgias,

Headaches, Sleep disorders, Dizziness, Anosmia and ageusia,
convulsions, strokes, tingling in the hands and feet

2 Gastrointestinal tract Ageusia, lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, diarrhea,

abdominal pain and hepatitis

3 Cardiovascular system Myocardial infarction (MI) - chest pain, nausea, and diaphoresis with
or without dyspnea palpitations

4 Dermatological Mycormycosis, Aspergillosis, yellow fungus, and other fungal

infections

5. Respiratory system Pneumothorax, Pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary thromboembolism,

and pulmonary infections (including mycosis).

6 Joints Arthritis

7. Pancreas Pancreatitis
 COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED
WITH COVID VACCINES
 Covid-19 vaccines was also found to be associated with various adverse effects the
most common adverse effect is seen with every type of covid-19 vaccine are
fatigue/tiredness, Injection site pain and swelling, Headache, Sleepiness and
laziness, chills, myalgia, joint pain, and fever etc.

 Some severe adverse events and complications such as CNS complications

(Cerebral venous thrombosis, Bell’s Palsy, Intracerebral hemorrhage, Spinal artery
ischemia, Guillain-Barré syndrome), CVS complications (Myocarditis, Pericarditis,
Vaccine induced Thrombocytopenia, thrombosis) were also reported in Covid-19
vaccinated population.
 NAUSEA
OR CHILLS HEADACHE
DIARRHOEA

COMMON SIDE
FATIGUE EFFECTS OF FEVER
COVID-19 VACCINES

BODY INJECTION
MALAISE SITE PAIN
PAIN
 COVID-19 VACCINE ASSOCIATED
SEVERE COMPLICATIONS

Central Nervous system

Cardiovascular complications
Complications

 Myocarditis  Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

 Thrombosis with (CVST)
Thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS)  Transient ischemic attacks(TIA)
 multiple sclerosis (MS)
 Vaccine-induced Thrombotic
 Guillain‑Barré syndrome
Thrombocytopenia (VITT)  Bell’s palsy
 Kounis syndrome  Olfactory dysfunction
 RESULTS

883.62
Populaion(in million)

614.04

421.4

271.92

138.71
101.7
57.35 43.26 57.75
2.46
Feb 9.33
March 26.62
April May June July

Month

no of people vacinated in world no of people vaccinated in india

Figure 1: Vaccinated population in World & in India (2021)

 95 94 92 90 90

EFFICAY OF VACCINES (% age)

81 79

66

50

r a k a d in m n c
fiz
e n ni c el x r e a
er u t ne h i a ha se ov
P
od S
p z e is ov n p h n in
M
tra ov C
io Jo
S
s C S
A

WHO approved vaccines

Figure 2: Efficacy of WHO approved Covid-19 vaccine

 10%

30% No SE
21%
Mild SE

Moderate SE

Severe SE
39%

Figure 3: Side Effects of Covid-19 Vaccine

No. of Participants affected

1288
1183
1040 1004
971 937 918
827
615 558
454 416
317 276 264 230 225
149 88
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
0% 5% 9% 6% 7% 4% 8% 7% 9% 0% 1% 9% 2% 7% 2% 9% 6 % 3% 7 %
.2 . 4 .9 .3 .8 .3 .4 .3 .7 .2 .5 .7 .3 .4 .9 3
. .1 .7 . 9
( 58 (5
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Ti sit H lee M Jo D um d ry N in h D D k in V
tio
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c reo bd
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In

Figure 4: Different types of side effects of covid-19 vaccines

 45.67
44.29

No of population shows SE (%age)

41.3

36.36
33.55 33.76
32.21
29.42

23.17
20 20

11.07 10.53
9
6.28
2.5
No SE Mild SE Moderate SE Severe SE

Sinopharm Asreazeneca Pfizer Other

Figure 5: Severity of side effects of various covid-19 vaccines

 No of Participants

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Side effects of vaccines

Sinopharm Pfizer AstraZeneca other

Figure 6: Comparison of side effects of Sinopharm, Pfizer & AstraZeneca

 74

No of participamts (%age)
55.5

27.4

17.9 17.3
13.7

3.3
No infection Mild Moderate 0.9Severe

Type of severity

Vaccinated (n = 1729) Non-vaccinated (n = 605)

Figure 6: Severity of side effects and infection among non-vaccinated individuals (2.27 times higher than vaccinated individuals)
 Discussion
 A total of 2213 participants were involved in the study which is conducted by Hatmal M.M and
coworkers to Investigate the Severity of Side effects of COVID-19 vaccines (Sinopharm,
AstraZeneca, Pfizer-BioNTech and Other vaccines).
 Most of the Participants received Sinopharm (38.1%), AstraZeneca (30.99%), and Pfizer-
BioNTech vaccines (27.33%), respectively, while the rest received other types including
Sputnik V (2.93%), Moderna (0.31%), Covaxin (0.13%), and Johnson & Johnson vaccines
(0.09%).
 Out of 2213 participants 70% participants reported post-vaccination side effects; out of them,
the majority reported mild (39%) to moderate (21%) side effects. Only 10%suffered from
severe side effects.
 All COVID-19 vaccines cause similar post-vaccination side effects, but AstraZeneca reported
most Moderate (33.55%) and Severe side effects (23.17%) after that Pfizer-BioNTech reports
maximum number of mild side effects (44.29%) .
 maximum number of No side effects (45.67%) are reported with Sinopharm vaccine
whereas less no of No side effects is seen with AstraZeneca vaccine

 The most common Post-vaccination side effects were fatigue, injection site pain and
swelling, headache, sleepiness and laziness. Diarrhea, skin allergic reactions and
vomiting reported by minor population.

 A total of six vaccinated participants were diagnosed with thrombocytopenia recieved

Pfizer-BioNTech or AstraZeneca vaccine.

 It was analyzed that among total vaccinated population 26% turned out to be COVID-19
positive whereas 44.5% among non-vaccinated participants turned COVID-19 positive.
Severity of side effects and infection among non-vaccinated individuals were 2.27 times
higher than vaccinated individuals.
 SUMMARY
 The COVID-19 outbreak is proving to be an unprecedented disaster, it will have a
strong impact on social and economic life in worldwide.
 COVID-19 vaccines are ultimate solution to eradicate the COVID-19 pandemic.
WHO-approved various vaccines like viral vector vaccines (AstraZeneca, Sputnik,
Johnson and Johnson), RNA vaccines (Pfizer, Moderna), Inactivated vaccines
(Sinopharm, Sinovac, Covaxin) under emergency use authorization (EUA).
 Online data and reports were critically accessed Post-covid-19 complications and
complications associated with covid-19 vaccines. A Significant number of reports are
coming Where, patients who recovered from Covid-19 and many vaccinated persons
are observed to have Post-covid or Post-vaccine complications, few of them are
indeed serious one.
 Number of complications were observed in covid-19 affected populations after few
weeks of recovery sometime post covid complications are life threatening. covid-19
vaccines also show some side effects that may be fatal but the majority of post
vaccination side effects are mild to moderate, indicating that the body’s immune
system is strengthening its defenses.
 Post covid-19 complications incidence is minimized by vaccination, vaccinated
participants had less chances of headaches, fatigue, muscle pain and other
symptoms than non-vaccinated population. So, based on various studies we
concluded that the approved COVID-19 vaccines are safe.
 Based on facts we concluded that Post-covid complications were minimized by
vaccination, which prevents people from being infected in the first instance. It is
now widely accepted that vaccinated people are at lower risk compared to non-
vaccinated individuals.
THANK YOU