IDP PROJECT-CLASS 10 D

GROUP 3 -TEAM MEMBERS

SUPRAJA H
NAYANTARA R A
SRI GAYATRI S
LAKSHMI M
JANAVI V
SIVAGAMI T Y
 RINDERPEST OR THE
CATTLE PLAGUE
&
INDENTURED LABOUR
MIGRATION FROM INDIA
SUBJECTS INTEGRATED: HISTORY,
BIOLOGY AND ECONOMICS
 RINDERPEST OR THE CATTLE PLAGUE
WHAT IS RINDERPEST?
 Rinderpest, also known as cattle plague, is a contagious viral disease
affecting cloven-hoofed animals (mainly cattle and buffalo).
 Rinderpest is caused by a morbillivirus, which is also responsible for
human measles, canine distemper, and peste des petits ruminants.
 Affected animals have a high fever, depression, nasal/ocular
discharges, mouth as well as digestive tract erosions, and diarrhoea.
 There is no known treatment for rinderpest virus infection. but in rare
cases, supportive care and antibiotic therapy may be provided.
 The infection is self-limited, resolving within one week and Rinderpest
remains a notifiable disease to the OIE
When and Where
 Rinderpest, a virus that affects ruminants, was introduced to Africa in the late 1880s
when Italian troops imported infected cattle from India to fight a colonial war in
Abyssinia (now Ethiopia).
 Within 10 years, the disease spread to almost the entire African continent, reaching
South Africa by 1897.
 The outbreak wiped out 90% of the continent's domestic cattle and wild buffalo.
 Economic and livelihood impact on Africa
Africa before Rinderpest :
 Africa was a continent with vast resources
and less population.
 People led simple lives owning land livestock.
 Africans did not bother to earn through
wages as they had sufficient to live.
 Many measures were taken by the Europeans
to force the people to work for wages
 introduction of inheritance laws which
enabled only one member of the family to
inherit land
 Imposition of heavy taxes which were only be
paid it people worked for wages.
Africa After Rinderpest
 Loss of 90% of Cattle in Africa:
Rinderpest virus killed almost 90% of
cattle in 10 years
 Loss of Livelihood: Cattle was the main
wealth for Africans before Virus spread.
So It badly affected the livelihood of
people of Africa
 Pushed African into Labour Market: To
make the ends meet, African became
wage labourers in Mines, Plantation
estates
 European colonists took advantage of
the situation and exploited the African
people and situation for their benefit
ERADICATION OF RINDERPEST
• Rinderpest vaccine (TCRV) was developed in 1960 by British
veterinarian Walter Plowright.
• This inactivated vaccine provides lifelong immunity without major
side effects and can be produced at a low cost.
Walter Plowright
• TCRV was an important milestone in rinderpest control, leading to
the first coordinated effort to eradicate rinderpest from all of Africa.

Trend showing Rinderpest eradication in 20th Century

INDENTURED LABOUR MIGRATION FROM INDIA
 Indentured labour is a bonded labour who is hired on
contract for a specific employer for a specific period of time.
 British introduced the Indentured Labour System in 1843
and it went on till 1920.
 Wide Spread Poverty and famine in 19 th century pushed
many Indian family into Indentured labourers.
 The demand for Indian indentured labourers increased
dramatically after the abolition of slavery in 1834.
 It was a form of debt bonds, by which 3.5 million Indians
were transported to various British colonies around the
world to provide labour for British plantations.
 The workers signed the contract of 5 years to work abroad.
They received salaries of around 8 rupees per month.
MAIN DESTINATIONS FOR INDIAN INDENTURED MIGRATION
 the Caribbean islands (mainly Trinidad, Guyana and Surinam), Mauritius ,Fiji,Uganda,Kenya etc

 Labours were recruited and transported to other parts of the world for the production of cotton, tea,

sugar and rail constructions.

CONDITION OF INDENTURED LABOURERS IN FOREIGN LAND
 Living and working conditions of indentured labourers were harsh and very few
legal rights were granted to them.
 Many Indians were illiterate. They could not understand what was written in the
contract and signed them which resulted in betrayal and bad faith.
 Many were misled by the Britishers. They were deported without their consent
and knowledge.
 There were long working hours. Children when turned 5 were expected to work
with their parents.
 The conditions of the ships in which they travel were extremely poor. There was
a 17% death rate due to diseases.
CONDITION OF INDENTURED LABOURERS IN FOREIGN LAND

 There were long working hours with very harsh

conditions
 Children when turned 5 were expected to work
with their parents.
 Indians who tried to escape were
recaptured and imprisoned.
 After movements by Gandhi, the system was
finally abolished in 1917.
Thank you