KULISC

Projectiles

Is the vertical component of the stone’s velocity

constant?
How about the horizontal component?
 KULISC

How far does the ball travel

before hitting the ground?
Projectiles 1. Resolve the initial
velocity into horizontal
and vertical components.
v ms-1
2. Use the vertical
component to work out
θ how long it’s in the air
and/or its maximum
height.
3. Use the horizontal
component to work out
how far it goes while it’s
in the air.
 KULISC

Projectiles
Horizontal component vx = v.cos(θ)
Vertical component vy = v.sin(θ)
v ms-1

For the vertical displacement, use s = ut + ½ at2

sy = v.sin(θ).t – 0.5×gt2
 KULISC

B
For the vertical displacement, use s = ut + ½ at2
sy= v.sin(θ).t – 0.5×gt2

= t(v.sin(θ) – 0.5×gt)
A C
Horizontal distance, sH
There are two solutions that give sy = 0:
t = 0 (corresponds to point A)
v.sin(θ) – 0.5×gt = 0 (corresponds to point C)
Which corresponds to the horizontal distance.
v.sin(θ) = 0.5×gt
t = 2v.sin(θ)/g
 KULISC

B
vy = uy + at
At point B, where sy is at a maximum, this becomes:
vy = v.sin(θ) – gt = 0
Therefore t = v.sin(θ)/g [1]
A C
Substitute [1] into sy= v.sin(θ).t – 0.5×gt2: Horizontal distance, sx

sy = v.sin(θ).v.sin(θ)/g – 0.5.g.(v.sin(θ)/g)2

sy = (v.sin(θ))2/2g which gives the maximum height (point B).

 KULISC

B
vx = ux + at
ax = 0
sx = constant speed × time
= v.cos(θ).t
Substitute t = 2v.sin(θ)/g A C
(because the projectile must go up and then down Horizontal distance, sx
again)
sx = v.cos(θ).2v.sin(θ)/g
Use the double angle formula 2cos(θ)sin(θ) = sin(2θ)
sx = v2.sin(2θ)/g

Therefore v =