CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND THE

INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM

• The word crisis is any event that is going
(or is expected) to lead to an unstable and
dangerous situation affecting an
individual, group, community, or whole
society. Crisis are deemed to be negative
changes in the security, economic,
political, societal or environmental affairs,
especially when they occur abruptly, with
little or no warning. More loosely, it is a
term meaning “testing time” or an
“emergency event”.
• In this premise, crisis is widely variety of
concern where collective efforts must be
bundled in, comprising all the vital factors
to consider in order to cope with its
negative consequence. Human induced
crisis like hostage taking, kidnapping,
bombing, public demonstrations, ect., were
among the crisis situation occurring in the
country. Thus, responders and managers on
the ground are challenged by how to end
with much success on the negotiation and
operational process.
 BASIC CONCEPTS
• Crisis is a period of disorganization,
period of upset during which people
attempts at arriving at solution of the
problem. It is a crucial or decisive point or
situation; a turning point; an unstable
condition, as in political, social, or
economic. It is a state provokes when a
person faces obstacle or hazard to an
important life goal.
• The term crisis is derived from the Greek
word “krisis” which means to separate, a
turning point decision in a process of an
affair or series of event.

• The term emergency is derived from the

Latin word “emergencia” which means
dipping/plugging. A sudden condition or
a state of affairs calling for an immediate
action.
 TYPES OF CRISIS
1. Man-made crisis
2. Natural crisis
3. Individual crisis
a. Physical crisis
b. Economic crisis
c. Emotional crisis
d. Social crisis
e. Moral crisis
f. Psychosexual crisis
 Man-made crisis
• Civil disturbances – strike, riot
• Revolt – mutiny
• Insurrection – revolution, border incident
• War – conventional or nuclear
• Crime – kidnapping, hijacking, hostage-
taking, etc.
 Natural crisis
• Fire, floods, earthquake, tidal waves
disaster, hazardous spills, power failure,
nuclear accidents, water or food shortage,
volcanic eruption, epidemic, etc.
 Individual crisis
• It refers to the feeling that arises when a
person faces unpleasant situation such as
frustrations, and conflicts. This includes:
1. Physical crisis – those are related to
health problems or bodily sickness or
sufferings.
2. Economic crisis – the deprivation of the
basic necessities of life like food and
material things.
3. Emotional crisis – when an individual is affected
by negative feelings like emotional disturbance,
fear, etc.
4. Social crisis – the experiencing of lack of
interest, confidence and social skills to relate
meaningful, harmonious relationship with others.
5. Moral crisis – the person has irrational or
distorted concept of what is right or wrong, lack of
moral values and integrity of the person.
6. Psychosexual crisis – failure of the person to
assume one’s sex role and identity as a man or
woman. The person has an inappropriate sex
objective, inadequate and distorted expression of
affection.
CONCEPT OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT

• Crisis management is the proper

utilization of all available resources and
the formulation of policies and procedures
to effectively deal with progressive
sequence of events (crisis) and sudden or
unforeseen state (emergency)
 THE CRISIS MANAGEMENT
DOCTRINE
• The crisis may start as basically police or special
unit matter but could develop in proportions. If the
crisis situation is brought about by natural
calamities, then it is address by the national
disaster risk reduction management council or
NDRRMC (formerly known as national disaster
coordinating councilor or NDCC). The general idea
is to prevent the occurrence of a crisis, ensure a
probability of success in minimizing or
neutralizing the perpetrator or to return the
situation into normalcy.
PHASES OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT

A. Pro-active phase – is the stage of advance

planning, organization and coordination
and control in response to an anticipated
future crisis occurrence. This phase is
designed to predict or prevent probability or
occurrence of the crisis while at the same
time prepares to handle then when they
occur.
 1.Prediction
-The first stage of anticipating future crisis
occurrence through the following;
• Update intelligence – involves the collection of
information from variety of sources as basis of
action and plan; those are that are related to
crisis management contingency planning.
• Events – are those incidents that are already
passed which can facilitate analysis necessary
for identification of probable threat groups,
targets and necessary for advance planning.
• Threat analysis of threat groups
a. Political terrorist – ideologically inspire individual
who grouped together for a common purpose
usually for change of government or political
power.
b. Criminals – these are people who commit terrorist
act for personal rather than ideological gains. Some
of the terrorist act such as kidnapping are well
planned, other are not planned , but happens as
fast response time by LEAs to an on going crime.
c. Mentally deranged individuals – people commit
terroristic acts during a period of psychiatric
disturbance. This type is most difficult terrorist to
deal with. Many of them is impulsive and
unpredictable.
 2.Prevention
-This is a pro active phase considers counter
measures as part of the total system of
operation. Such counter measure involve the
following;
a. Operation security – the counter intelligence
measure where all suspect of awareness and
training must be considered to prevent threat
groups from learning the units plans methods of
operations. It also refers to measure taken in
conducting operations or activities in secure and
effective manner.
b. Personal security – it considers that all
personnel are susceptible to terrorist attack so
there is a need for securing them. All security
measures designed to prevent unsuitable
individuals of doubtful loyalty from gaining
access to classified matter or security facilities.
c. Physical security – encompasses protection of
info, material and people including perimeter
installation. A system of barrier placed between
the potential intruder and the material to be
protected.
 3.Preparation
- This pro-active phase involves organizing
training and equipment personnel of the
organization. In general, military
commanders and officers of the PNP must
organize, train and equip special reaction,
security and negotiation elements and
provide their immediate activation when
the need arises.