Electrical Machines-I

DC Generators: Working Principle

DC Generator working
• The electrical machine that converts Mechanical
Energy into Electrical Energy is called as
Generator.
• The generator works on the Faraday’s Law of
Electro Magnetic Induction principle.
• The generator which gives DC output is called DC
generator
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• Generator works on Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction
Principle.
• Faraday’s Law of Electro Magnetic Induction Principle:
Whenever a conductor cuts the magnetic field a dynamically induced EMF
induces in the conductor.

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• The direction of the induced EMF is given by Fleming’s right hand rule

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Simple loop generator
• A single-turn rectangular copper coil ABCD rotating about its
own axis in a magnetic field provided by either permanent
magnet is or electromagnets.
• The two ends of the coil are joined to two slip-rings ‘a’ and
‘b’ which are insulated from each other and from the central
shaft.
• Two collecting brushes (of carbon or copper) press against
the slip-rings.
• Their function is to collect the current induced in the coil and
to convey it to the external load resistance R.
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• The rotating coil may be called ‘armature’ and the magnets as ‘field
magnets’.

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 Working
• As the coil assumes successive positions in the field, the flux linked
with it changes.
• An e.m.f. is induced in it which is proportional to the rate of change of
flux linkages.
S.NO POSITION FLUX EMF

1 1 MAX MIN

2 3 MIN MAX

3 5 MAX MIN

4 7 MIN MAX

5 9 MAX MIN

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• The current which we obtain from such a simple generator reverses its
direction after every half revolution.
• Such a current undergoing periodic reversals is known as alternating
current.

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• For making the flow of current unidirectional in the external circuit,
the slip-rings are replaced by split-rings
• In the first half revolution current flows in the load resistance from M
to L.

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• In the next half revolution the direction of the induced current in the
coil reverses.
• But at the same time, the positions of segments ‘a’ and ‘b’ have also
reverses
• Current in the load resistance again flows from M to L.

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Thanks…..

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