7-Intra Cell Handover

Intra Cell Handover (IHO)
www.legend-technologies.org
• Intra Cell Handover
− Intra Cell means within the same cell.
− Intra Cell Handover aims at maintaining good quality of a current connection by performing
handover to a new channel within the same cell when bad quality is detected.
f1 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS8 Channel suffering from bad
quality
Same Cell
f2 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS8 New channel
− When a connection suffers from bad quality and at the same time the Signal Strength is still
high, there is a reason to believe that the bad quality is due to interference.
− Changing the serving channel on a certain cell to another channel within the same cell may
be useful due to the fact that most likely the interference on different channels is not the
same, and the reason for this could be:
 The cell that interfere a certain connection (channel/call) may be not fully loaded and not
transmitting on all its channels.
 If power control is in use in the interferer cell, then power used on each channel will differ based on
the MS location from the BTS.
 For uplink interference, the MSs connected to the interferer cell will be located in different places
from the cell causing different levels of interference.
− After Intra cell handover is performed, the quality of a connection will be enhanced if the radio
conditions on the new channel is better than the old channel, and this may be expected when
intra cell handover is performed at high signal strength while the quality (rxqual) is bad.
− Intra Cell Handover can be triggered due to bad quality either in the downlink or in the uplink.
− But at which conditions Intra Cell Handover will be triggered ?
− At which conditions Intra Cell Handover will be triggered ?

 Intra cell handover is triggered/initiated when signal strength is high and at the same time the
quality is bad based on the following equation:
rxqual_DL > QOFFSETDL + FQSS (RXLEV_DL + SSOFFSETDL)

Or
rxqual_UL > QOFFSETUL + FQSS (RXLEV_UL + SSOFFSETUL)
− FQSS is a quality vs. signal strength function that specify at each signal level the quality
beyond which an intra cell handover should be triggered.
 Conditions at which Intra Cell Handover is initiated:
rxqual_DL > QOFFSETDL + FQSS (RXLEV_DL + SSOFFSETDL) Or
rxqual_UL > QOFFSETUL + FQSS (RXLEV_UL + SSOFFSETUL)
The FQSS Table. The rxqual Values Is Given in dtqu

− RXLEV_DL and RXLEV_UL both are )deci Transformed Quality Units(
RXLEV Rxqual
measured in rxlev units 0  63, which 30=< infinity
corresponds to -110 dBm  - 47 dBm 31 60
35 - 32 59
38 - 36 58
− Example: If RXLEV_DL = 57 and 41 - 39 57
45 - 42 56
QOFFSETDL=SSOFFSETDL= zero, then 48 - 46 55
when rxqual_DL > 52 dtqu an intra cell 52 - 49 54
55 - 53 53
handover will be initiated. 58 - 56 52
62 - 59 51
63=> 50
− SSOFFSETDL & SSOFFSETUL are signal strength offset parameters, increasing them will
make the measured signal strength to appear better than the actual situation causing the
intra cell handover to be triggered more often.
− QOFFSETDL & QOFFSETUL are quality offset parameters, decreasing them will trigger the
intra cell handover more often.
Selection of a new channel at IHO
− The primary target is to find a new channel that differs as much as possible from the currently
used channel.
− The selection of a new channel will depend on whether frequency hopping is used or not.
(A) With frequency hopping not used
− Among the idle channels, select a channel that lies on a different frequency than the current
channel is using.
− If no idle channels were found then select one of the idle timeslots that are on the same
frequency as the current channel.
1st choice at IHO
f1
(Change frequency)
f2
2nd choice at IHO
f3 (Change Time Slot on
the same frequency)
Interfered Channel
(B) With frequency hopping not used
− Select one of the idle channels that belongs to a different CHGR than the current channel.
− If no idle channels were found or only 1 CHGR is defined then select one of the idle timeslots
that are on the same CHGR as the current channel.
− If no idle channels were found select idle channels on the same CHGR and time slot as the
current channel.
CHGR0 f1 1st choice at IHO(Change CHGR)
f2
2nd choice at IHO (Change Time Slot
CHGR1 f3 within the same CHGR )
f4 3rd choice at IHO
Interfered Channel (Same CHGR, same TS but different
channel)
− If quality is not improved after making number of consecutive IHOs, this means that all
channels are suffering from poor quality and may be a part of the cell is subjected to high
interference.
− We can limit the number of consecutive IHOs for certain connection to certain number using
parameter MAXIHO ex: If MAXIHO=3, then the maximum number of allowed consecutive
IHOs=3 and if the MS tried to make the 4th IHO it will be disabled and a timer TIHO will start
to inhibit any further attempts to make IHO until this timer is released.
− Intra cell handover and bad quality urgency are both triggered at poor quality situations.
− Intra cell handover has higher priority over bad quality urgency handover, i.e. if the criteria for
both are fulfilled then IHO will be triggered/initiated first.
− If the dynamic OL/UL subcell feature is in use and if the number of consecutive IHOs reached
its maximum based on the settings of the parameter MAXIHO, then a subcell change from
OLUL or ULOL will be attempted.
Parameters Summary
Intra Cell Handover Control Parameters

Parameter Name Value Range Default Value Recommended Value Unit
IHO ON,OFF OFF ON −
SSOFFSETDL to 30 30− 0 0 dB
SSOFFSETUL to 30 30− 0 10− dB
QOFFSETDL to 50 50− 0 − dtqu
QOFFSETUL to 50 50− 0 − dtqu
MAXIHO to 15 0 3 3 −
TIHO to 60 10 10 10 Seconds
Thank You

7-Intra Cell Handover

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7-Intra Cell Handover

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Intra Cell Handover (IHO)

− Intra Cell means within the same cell.

− But at which conditions Intra Cell Handover will be triggered ?

− At which conditions Intra Cell Handover will be triggered ?

rxqual_DL > QOFFSETDL + FQSS (RXLEV_DL + SSOFFSETDL)

The FQSS Table. The rxqual Values Is Given in dtqu

(A) With frequency hopping not used

CHGR0 f1 1st choice at IHO(Change CHGR)

Intra Cell Handover Control Parameters

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