Air and Water Pollution

Name- Anish Kumar

Class- 8/A
Roll No.- 11
Reg. No.- 130118
POLLUTION & POLLUTANTS- WHAT
ARE THEY?

 Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural

environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the
form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or
light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either
foreign substances/ energies or naturally occurring
contaminants. Pollution is often classed as point source or non
point source pollution.
 A pollutant is a waste material that pollutes air, water or soil.
Three factors determine the severity of a pollutant: its chemical
nature, the concentration and the persistence.
Air Pollution
AIR POLLUTION AND ITS
HARMFUL EFFECTS
 Air pollution: - the release of chemicals and particulates into
the atmosphere. Common gaseous pollutants include carbon
monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and
nitrogen oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles.
Photochemical ozone and smog are created as nitrogen oxides
and hydrocarbons react to sunlight.
 Air pollution is harmful as it has a significant risk factor for
multiple health conditions including respiratory infections, heart
disease, and lung cancer, according to the WHO. The health
effects caused by air pollution may include difficulty in
breathing, wheezing, coughing and aggravation of existing
respiratory and cardiac conditions. These effects can result in
increased medication use, increased doctor or emergency room
visits, more hospital admissions and premature death.
SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION: -
NATURAL AND MANMADE
 MAN MADE:
 "Stationary Sources" include smoke stacks of power plants,
manufacturing facilities (factories) etc.
 "Mobile Sources" include motor vehicles, marine vessels,
aircraft and the effect of sound etc.
 Chemicals, dust and controlled burn practices in agriculture and
forestry management.
 Fumes from paint, hair spray, varnish, aerosol sprays and other
solvents Waste deposition in landfills, which generate methane.
 Military, such as nuclear weapons, toxic gases, germ warfare
and rocketry.
 NATURALLY MADE:
 Dust from natural sources, usually large areas of land with little
or no vegetation
 Methane, emitted by the digestion of food by animals, for
example cattle Radon gas from radioactive decay within the
Earth's crust.
 Smoke and carbon monoxide from wildfires
 Vegetation, in some regions, emits environmentally significant
amounts of VOCs on warmer days.
 volcanic activity, which produce sulfur, chorine, and ash
particulates
Water Pollution
WATER POLLUTION AND
SOURCES
 Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies. Water pollution
occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water
bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.
 SOURCES ARE:
 POINT SOURCES ARE FACTORIES, MINES AND POWER PLANTS ~NON-
POINT SOURCES INCLUDE POLLUTION FROM GARDENS, STREETS, ETC.
 DOMESTIC SEWAGE IS THE UNTREATED SEWAGE WHICH RUNS INTO
LAKES AND RIVERS.
 INDUSTRIAL INFLUENTS ARE BREWERIES, TANNERIES AND DYING.
 AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGE INCLUDE FERTILISERS AND PESTICIDES.
 OIL SPILLS ARE THE LEAKAGE OF PETROLEUM INTO THE SEA.
CONSERVE WATER

 The 3r's must be adopted which are - reduce, reuse and recycle
 Conserve forest and plant trees.
 Adopt water harvesting technique.
 Close tap while brushing.
 Us bucket instead of shower.
 Use bucket to wash car instead of pipe.
 Water plants before or after sunset as it reduces the rate of
evaporation
CONTROL OF AIR AND
WATER POLLUTION
 Automobiles should be checked.
 Lead free petrol should be used.
 Automobiles should work on CNG.
 Switch to fuels like solar energy, hydropower and wind energy instead of fossil
fuels.
 Domestic sewage is 99.9 percent pure water, while the other 0.1 percent are
pollutants. Although found in low concentrations, these pollutants pose risk on
a large scale. In urban areas, domestic sewage is typically treated by
centralized sewage treatment plants.
 Animal excreta must be used in gas plants.
 Wastes must not be thrown in open drains. o If oil slick if formed in lake it
must be skimmed of as soon as possible.
 Solid organic waste must not be thrown in water bodies but can be used in
biogas plants.
Thank You.. For your time