0AA000009 SIGTRAN Protocol ISSUE2.0

OAA000009 SIGTRAN Protocol
Principle
ISSUE 2.0
Fixed Network Curriculum

Development Section
Objective
After this session, you will learn:
 Functions and structures of SIGTRAN

protocols
 Commands of each protocol of
SIGTRAN protocol stack
 Meanings and usage of the
parameters in commands
 Message interaction process of each
protocol
2
Confidential Information of Huaw
ei. Security Level: Internal
References
 Product Manual -- Technical Manual -- Signaling and

Protocols – Chapter 2 SIGTRAN
3
About this session
Section 1 Overview
Section 2 SCTP Protocol
Section 3 M2UA Protocol
4
Definitions of SIGTRAN Protocols
 SIGTRAN is
 a protocol stack rather than a protocol.
 It includes
 transmission protocol (SCTP)
 adaptation protocols (M2UA and M3UA).
 SIGTRAN supports transmission of SCN (Switched

Circuit Network) signaling via IP network.
 SIGTRAN is responsible for the communication between
SG and MGC, with such two functions as
 adaptation
 transmission
5
SIGTRAN Protocol Stack Structure
M3UA M2UA IUA M2PA V5UA SUA ……
SCTP
IP
MAC
M3UA: MTP3 User M2UA: MTP2 User IUA: ISDN Q.921 User
Adaptation layer Adaptation layer Adaptation layer
M2PA: MTP2 Peer V5UA: V5 User SUA: SCCP User
6
Section 1 Overview
 SIGTRAN Applications in SoftX3000
 Terms
 Protocol Structure
7
SIGTRAN Applications in SoftX3000
Signaling stream
Media stream
SIGTRAN
SS7
SG
H.248
IP core network
PSTN SoftX3000
TMG
Switched Circuit Network Packet Switched Network
8
Section 1 Overview
 Terms
9
Terms
 MG
 MGC
 SG
10
Section 1 Overview
 Terms
11
Protocol Structure in SoftX3000
 When SoftX3000 uses M2UA of the SIGTRAN protocol

stack to connect with SG:
IP
SEP SG SoftX3000
ISUP ISUP
MTP3 MTP3
M2UA M2UA
SCTP
MTP SCTP
MTP1-2 1-2 IP IP
MAC MAC
12
Question
 What are the main functions of SIGTRAN?

What protocols are used to realize these
functions?
13
Answer
 The main functions of the SIGTRAN

protocol stack are transmission and
adaptation. The transmission function is
realized via SCTP while the adaptation
function is realized via M2UA and M3UA
protocols.
14
Brief Summary
 SIGTRAN is a protocol stack that mainly includes three pr

otocols: SCTP, M2UA and M3UA.
 The SIGTRAN protocol stack is responsible for the comm
unication between SG and MGC, with such two functions
as adaptation and transmission .
 In NGN softswitch system, SIGTRAN is used to bear and
adapt interworking between SS7 of SCN and IP network s
oftswitch control system, acting as a bridge for signaling
conversion.
15
About this session
Section 1 Overview
16
 Overview
 SCTP Messages
 Signaling Flow
17
SCTP – Overview
 SCTP(STREAM CONTROL TRANSMISSION PROTOCOL) is a

reliable datagram transmission protocol based on the protocol
providing unreliable transmission services, such as IP.
 The SCTP is designed to transmit PSTN signaling messages
over the IP network.
 SCTP improves some defects of TCP.
 The design of SCTP includes proper congestion control, flooding
prevention, disguise attack and support to better real-time
performance and multi-homing attribute.
 The SCTP is usually regarded as a transmission layer protocol,
 whose upper layer is SCTP user application
 lower layer is packet-switched network (for example, IP network).
18
SCTP — Overview
 Transport address and IP address:

 A transport address of SCTP is
“ IP address ”: “ SCTP port number”.
 SCTP port number is used for the identification of the users at the
same address, and it is identical to the concept of TCP port number.
19
Overview — SCTP Terms
Host EndPoint1
 Host and endpoint: IP
A
P dd
SCTP
O r
User 1 R e
T s
1 s
1
IP
A
P
dd
O r
R e
User 2
T s
2 s
2
EndPoint2
20
 An association is
 a logical connection, or channel,
 established between two SCTP endpoints for data transmission,
 via the four-way handshake mechanism prescribed in SCTP.
 Stream is
 a special term defined in the SCTP.
 It is a uni-directional logical channel established from one endp
oint to the other associated endpoint in an SCTP association.
 The data to be delivered in sequence has to be conveyed within
one stream.
21
Overview — SCTP Terminology
SCTP Endpoint A SCTP Endpoint B

SCTP
stream
(uni-directional)
Multiple
IP/SCTP-port Multiple
Pairs are available SCTP connection IP/SCTP-port
Pairs are available
22
 TSN is
 a 32-bit sequence number used internally by SCTP.
 One TSN is attached to each chunk containing user data to
permit the receiving SCTP endpoint to acknowledge its receipt
and detect duplicate deliveries.
 TSN is maintained on the basis of association.
 SSN is
 the acronym of Stream Sequence Number.
 a 16-bit sequence number assigned to each data chunk sent in
the stream by the local end
 SSN is maintained on the basis of stream.
 The assignments of TSN and SSN are independent to each other 23
 Overview
 SCTP Messages
 Signaling Flow
24
SCTP Message Structure
25
Message name Description

DATA The payload user data
This chunk is used to initiate a SCTP association between two
INIT
endpoints.
The INIT ACK chunk is used to acknowledge the initiation of an
INIT ACK
SCTP association.
This chunk is sent to the peer endpoint to acknowledge
SACK received DATA chunks and to inform the peer endpoint of gaps
in the received subsequences of DATA chunks.
An endpoint should send this chunk to its peer endpoint to prob

HEARTBEAT e the reachability of a particular destination transport address d
efined in the present association.
An endpoint should send this chunk to its peer endpoint as a
HEARTBEAT ACK
response to a HEARTBEAT chunk.
26
Message name Description
The ABORT chunk is sent to the peer of an association to
ABORT
close the association.
An endpoint in an association MUST use this chunk to initiate a
SHUTDOWN
graceful close of the association with its peer.
This chunk MUST be used to acknowledge the receipt of the
SHUTDOWN ACK SHUTDOWN chunk at the completion of the shutdown
process.
An endpoint sends this chunk to its peer endpoint to notify it of
ERROR
certain error conditions.
This chunk is used only during the initialization of an
COOKIE ECHO association. It is sent by the initiator of an association to its
peer to complete the initialization process.
It is used to acknowledge the receipt of a COOKIE ECHO
COOKIE ACK
chunk.
This chunk is used to acknowledge the receipt of the
SHUTDOWN
SHUTDOWN ACK chunk at the completion of the shutdown 27
COMPLETE
Confidential Information of Huaw process Security Level: Internal
ei.
 Overview
 SCTP Messages
 Signaling Flow
28
Signaling Flow
 The SCTP process includes:

 Startup of association
 takedown of association
 transmission and validation of data
 congestion control mechanism
 and path management mechanism
29
SCTP Signaling Flow – Startup of Association
endpoint A endpoint Z
INIT(Tag_A)
T1-init
INITACK
COOKIE ECHO+ DATA

T3-rtx T1-cookie established
COOKIE ACK+ DATA+ SACK
established
SACK
30
SCTP Signaling Flow – Termination of Association
 The SCTP association can be terminated in two ways:

 GRACEFUL shutdown
 all data in queue at either endpoint and that not acknowledged
after being transmitted shall be delivered to the respective
peers before the association is terminated.
 UNGRACEFUL shutdown.
 the association is directly terminated and the data is directly
discarded.
31
SCTP Signaling Flow - transmission and validation
of data
 Data transmission
 Congestion control
 Path management
32
Question
 Draw the association flow between two

endpoints of SCTP
33
Answer
endpoint A endpoint Z
INIT(Tag_A)
T1-init
INITACK
COOKIE ECHO+ DATA
T3-rtx
T1-cookie established
COOKIE ACK+ DATA+ SACK
established
SACK
34
Summary
 Compared with TCP and UDP, SCTP has the following

advantages: proper congestion control, flooding and
disguise attack prevention, better real-time performance,
higher reliability and multi-homing support.
 The SCTP is usually regarded as a transmission layer
protocol, whose upper layer is SCTP user application and
lower layer is packet-switched network (such as IP
network)
 SCTP transport address is the combination of an IP
address and an SCTP port number. An SCTP endpoint
can contain multiple IP addresses
 association and stream. 35
About this session
Section 1 Overview
36
 Terms
 M2UA messages
 Signaling flow
37
Concepts
 M2UA ---- SS7 MTP2-User Adaptation Layer Protocol

 is a protocol for the transport of SS7 MTP2 user signaling
messages (MTP3 messages) over IP using SCTP or any
other suitable transport protocol.
 Used between Signaling Gateway (SG) and Media Gateway
Controller (MGC).
38
Concepts
SS7 SIGTRAN
SEP SG MGC
ISUP ISUP
PSTN IP
MTP3 MTP3
M2UA M2UA
MTP2 MTP2
SCTP SCTP
MTP1 MTP1 IP IP
39
Concepts
Name Description
Interface ID Used in the communication between the two ends of M2UA. It can be
text or integer. Each interface ID corresponds to one actual physical
link: An interface is the logical ID of an SS7 signaling link used between
SG and ASP.
Application server A logical entity representing certain resources and corresponding to a

specific “routing context”. For M2UA, AS is a group of Interface IDs.
Every AS includes a set of ASPs, and one or more of which can process
traffic
Application Server ASP is a process instance of an AS. Each ASP contains one SCTP endp
oint, and can serve a number of ASs. In the M2UA application, ASPs wor
Process
k in the active/standby mode, and only the active ASP processes traffic.
Signaling Backhaul It refers to transfer of non-local signaling from the interface connecting
with the data stream (i.e. the SG function of MGU) back to the call
40
processing point (i.e. MGCU)
Item -- M2UA Link
 M2UA LINK: t
 The logical connection established between SG and ASP.
 A Link consists of SG, ASP and SCTP associations
between SG and ASP.
 Its state corresponds to ASP state and SCTP association
state
41
Item -- M2UA Link
ASP0 MGC
SCTP assoc 0
AS0
MTP2 link 0
SCTP assoc 1 ASP1
MTP2link 1 AS0 includes MTP2 link0 and link 1
MTP2 link 2 MG/SG0
SCTP assoc 2
MTP2 link 3 ASP2
AS1
SCTP assoc 3
ASP3 AS1 includes MTP2 link2 and link 3
42
Item -- M2UA Link
MGC
MTP2 link 0
M2UA LINK 0(servered for MTP2 link 0and link1)
MTP2 link 1 AS0
MTP2 link 2 MG/SG0
M2UA LINK 1(servered for MTP2 link 2and link3)
MTP2 link 3 AS1
43
Item -- M2UA Function
 Support for MTP2/MTP3 interface boundary that enables

a seamless, or as seamless as possible, operation of the
MTP2 users in the PSTN and IP network.
 Support for management layer communication between
SG and MGC.
 Support for management of SCTP association between
SG and MGC.
44
 Terminologies
 M2UA messages
 Signaling flow
45
Message Structure
 The user data fields of M2UA messages encapsulated in SCTP messages incl
ude the common message header and M2UA message header
Common message header ：

Version(8) Spare(8) Message Class (8) Message Type (8)
Message Length (32)
M2UA message header ：
Tag= 0x1 (16) Length = 8 (16)

Interface Identifier (integer)
46
M2UA Message types
 M2UA messages
 ASP maintenance messages
 Layer management messages
47
Examples ——M2UA Messages
MGC SG
Establish Request
Establish Confirm
48
Example——ASP Maintenance Messages
MGC SG
ASP Up
ASP Up Ack
49
 Terminologies
 M2UA messages
 Signaling flow
50
Signaling Flow – Establishment
ASP SG
ASP UP
ASP UP ACK
ASP ACTIVE
ASP ACTIVE ACK
51
Signaling Flow ----Data Transfer Procedure
 When the M2UA layer on the ASP has a MAUP message t

o send to the SG, it will do the following:
 Determine the correct SG
 Get the M2UA link number
 Find the SCTP association to the chosen SG
 Determine the correct stream in the SCTP association based on
the SS7 link
 Fill in the MAUP message, fill in M2UA Message Header, fill in C
ommon Header, and generate the M2UA message unit
 Send the MAUP message to the remote M2UA peer in the SG, o
ver the SCTP association
52
Signaling Flow ----Data Transfer Procedure
 When the M2UA layer on the SG has a MAUP message to se

nd to the ASP, it will do the following:
 Get Interface Identifier
 Determine the M2UA link number, which supports that MTP link
 Get the SCTP association
 Determine the correct stream in the SCTP association based on
the SS7 link
 Fill in the MAUP message, fill in M2UA Message Header, fill in C
ommon Header, and generate the M2UA message unit
 Send the MAUP message to the remote M2UA peer in the ASP,
over the SCTP association
53
Signaling Flow –Release Procedure
ASP SG
ASP INACTIVE
ASP INACTIVE ACK
ASP DOWN
ASP DOWN ACK
54
Question
 What is the function of the M2UA

protocol? What services can it provide?
55
Answer
 M2UA can be used for signaling

transmission between SG and MGC, and
it can provide the following services:
 Support for MTP2/MTP3 interface
boundary that enables seamless
operations of MTP2 users in the PSTN and
IP network
 Support for management layer
communication between SG and MGC.
 Support for management of the SCTP
association between SG and MGC.
56
Summary
 M2UA refers to MTP2 user adaptation protocol, which uses SCT

P or other appropriate transmission protocols to transmit the si
gnaling messages of SS7 MTP3 layer over IP. This protocol can
be used for signaling transmission between SG and MGC
 “AS” is a logical entity. For M2UA, AS is a group of Interface IDs.
Every AS includes a set of ASPs, one or more of which can pro
cess traffic.
 ASP is a process instance of an AS. Each ASP contains one SC
TP endpoint and can serve a number of ASs. In the M2UA applic
ation, ASPs work in the active/standby mode, and only the activ
e ASP processes traffic
 Signaling flow includes setup flow, data transmission flow and r
elease flow
57
About this session
Section 1 Overview
58
 Overview
 Services provided by M3UA
 M3UA message format
 M3UA message flow
59
Concepts
 M3UA is
 the SS7 MTP3 user adaptation layer
 providing the primitive communication service for the MTP3
user in the IP network and MTP3 at the network edge
 interworking between TDM SS7 and IP .
 M3UA supports the following functions:
 SS7 SPC presentation
 Routing function
 Interworking between SS7 and M3UA
 Congestion management
 SCTP stream mapping
60
 Client/server model
Concept – Architecture of M3UA Protocol
M3UA M2UA IUA M2PA V5UA SUA ……
SCTP
IP
MAC
M3UA: MTP3 User M2UA: MTP2 User IUA: ISDN Q.921 User
M2PA: MTP2 Peer V5UA: V5 User SUA: SCCP User
61
Concept -- M3UA Application
M3UA application in SGP-ASP mode:
SS7 IP
SEP SG MGC
MTP User NIF NIF

MTP3 MTP3 M3UA M3UA
MTP2 MTP2 SCTP SCTP
MTP1 MTP1 IP
IP IP
62
M3UA Application
M3UA application in IPSP-IPSP mode:
MGC
IP
MGC
User User
M3UA M3UA
SCTP SCTP
IP IP
63
 Overview
64
Services provided by M3UA
 Support for the transport of MTP3 user messages

 Local management functions
 Interworking with MTP3 network management function
 Support for the management of SCTP associations betw
een SGP and ASPs
 Support for the management of associations to multiple
SGPs
65
 Overview
66
M3UA Message Format
Common message header ：
Message
Version Reserved Message type
category
Message length
67
M3UA Message Format
M3UA message category :
Message category Code (Hexadecimal)
Management (MGMT) message 00
Transfer message 01
SS7 signaling network management (SSNM) 02

message
ASP state maintenance (ASPSM) message 03
ASP traffic maintenance (ASPTM) message 04
Reserved for other SIGTRAN adaptation layers 05
Reserved for other SIGTRAN adaptation layers 07 68

M3UA Message Format
M3UA message category :
Message category Code (Hexadecimal)
Routing key management (RKM) messages 09
Reserved by IETF 0A-7F
Reserved for IETF-defined message class 80-FF

extensions
69
M2UA Message Format
 The Data message structure
70
M3UA Message Format
SSNM Message ：
 Destination unavailable (DUNA)

 Destination available (DAVA)
 Destination state audit (DAUD)
 SS7 network congestion (SCON)
 Destination user part unavailable (DUPU)
71
M3UA Message Format
M3UA routing key management (RKM) messages:

 Registration request (REG REQ)
 Registration response (REG RSP)
 De-registration request (DEREG REQ)
 De-registration response (DEREG RSP)
72
M3UA Message Format
ASP traffic maintenance (ASPTM) messages :

 ASP activate (ASPAC)
 ASP activate acknowledgement (ASPAC Ack)
 ASP inactivate (ASPIA)
 ASP inactivate acknowledgement (ASPIA Ack)
73
M3UA Message Format
Management messages:
 Error (ERR)
 Notify (NTFY)
 ASP Down (ASPDN) message
 ASP Down Ack (ASPDN Ack) message
 Heartbeat (BEAT) message
 Heartbeat acknowledgement (BEAT Ack) message
74
M3UA Message Format
ASP management (ASPM) messages :

 ASP Up (ASPUP) message
 ASP Up Ack (ASPUP ACK) message
 ASP Down (ASPDN) message
 ASP Down Ack (ASPDN Ack) message
 Heartbeat (BEAT) message
 Heartbeat acknowledgement (BEAT Ack) message
75
 Overview
76
Message Procedures Flow
Establish an association and service instance between SGP and ASP – “AS” has
one ASP:
SG P/IPSP ASP1 /IPSP1
ASP Up
ASP Up Ack
ASP activation(RCn)
RC: Routing context
ASP activation Ack(RCn)
77
M3UA Signaling Process
A single ASP is registered dynamically in an application server ("1+0"

backup) :
SG P ASP1
ASP Up
ASP Up Ack
REG REG(LRCn,Rkn)
LRC: Local routing context
REG RSP(LRCn,Rkr)
RK: Routing Keyword
ASP activation(RCn)
ASP activation Ack(RCn) RC: Routing context
78
SGP ASP1
ASP Up
ASP Up Ack
LRC: Local Routing Context
REG REQ( LRC1,RK1 )
RK: Routing Key
REG RSP(LRC1,RC1 ) RC: Routing Context
ASP active (RC1)

 Single ASP in multiple application ser
ASP active Ack (RC1)
vers (each with “1+0” sparing), dyna
mic registration
REG REQ (LRCn,RKn)
REG RSP (LRCn,RCn)
ASP active (RCn)
ASP active Ack (RCn)

79
 ASP traffic fail-over ------1+1 sparing, withdrawal of ASP,

back-up over-ride
SGP ASP1 ASP2

ASP inactive
ASP inactive Ack
NTFY (AS-Pending)
ASP active
ASP active Ack
80
 ASP traffic fail-over ------1+1 sparing, back-up over-ride
SG ASP1 ASP2
ASP active
ASP active Ack
NTFY (alternate ASP-active)
81
Message Procedures
Example for normal withdrawal of an ASP from an application server

and clear of an association :
SG P ASP1
ASP deactivation (RCn)
ASP deactivation Ack(RCn)
DEREGREQ(RCn)
RC: Routing context
DEREGRSP(LRCn,RCr)
ASP Down
ASP Down Ack
82
Question
 What is the function of the M3UA

protocol?
83
Answer
 M3UA is the SS7 MTP3 user adaptation

layer, providing the primitive
communication service for the MTP3 user
in the IP network and MTP3 at the network
edge (in the SG) to implement the
interconnection between TDM SS7 and IP.
84
Summary
 M3UA is the SS7 MTP3 user adaptation layer, providing

the primitive communication service for the MTP3 user in
the IP network and MTP3 at the network edge (in the SG)
to implement the interconnection between TDM SS7 and
IP.
 M3UA provides the upper layer users with standard MTP3
interfaces, and the lower layer protocol of M3UA is SCTP,
which provides associations to serve M3UA.
 There are multiple forms of associations and services
between SGP and ASP, which need to be understood .
85
Summary of the Chapter
 SIGTRAN is a protocol stack consisting of SCTP, M2UA and M3

UA. SIGTRAN itself is not a protocol
 Compared with TCP and UDP, SCTP has lots of advantages in r
eliability, security and real-time performance, and it supports m
ulti-homing feature. SCTP is used as the bearer transport layer
of M2UA and M3UA.
 M2UA and M3UA are used as the IP adaptation layers of MTP2 a
nd MTP3 respectively, and are used for interworking between S
CN and IP network. The upper layer user of M2UA is MTP3 and t
he further upper layer user is ISUP, while the very upper layer u
ser of M3UA is ISUP directly. MTP2 needs no signaling point wh
ile MTP3 must have its own signaling points.
86
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OAA000009 SIGTRAN Protocol

Fixed Network Curriculum

After this session, you will learn:

 Functions and structures of SIGTRAN

 Product Manual -- Technical Manual -- Signaling and

Section 2 SCTP Protocol

Section 3 M2UA Protocol

Section 4 M3UA Protocol

 SIGTRAN supports transmission of SCN (Switched

M3UA M2UA IUA M2PA V5UA SUA ……

 SIGTRAN Applications in SoftX3000

Switched Circuit Network Packet Switched Network

 SIGTRAN Applications in SoftX3000

 SIGTRAN Applications in SoftX3000

 When SoftX3000 uses M2UA of the SIGTRAN protocol

 What are the main functions of SIGTRAN?

 The main functions of the SIGTRAN

 SIGTRAN is a protocol stack that mainly includes three pr

Section 2 SCTP Protocol

Section 3 M2UA Protocol

Section 4 M3UA Protocol

 SCTP(STREAM CONTROL TRANSMISSION PROTOCOL) is a

 Transport address and IP address:

SCTP Endpoint A SCTP Endpoint B

Message name Description

An endpoint should send this chunk to its peer endpoint to prob

 The SCTP process includes:

COOKIE ECHO+ DATA

 The SCTP association can be terminated in two ways:

 Draw the association flow between two

 Compared with TCP and UDP, SCTP has the following

Section 2 SCTP Protocol

Section 3 M2UA Protocol

Section 4 M3UA Protocol

 M2UA ---- SS7 MTP2-User Adaptation Layer Protocol

Application server A logical entity representing certain resources and corresponding to a

 Support for MTP2/MTP3 interface boundary that enables

Common message header ：

M2UA message header ：

Tag= 0x1 (16) Length = 8 (16)

ASP ACTIVE ACK

 When the M2UA layer on the ASP has a MAUP message t

 When the M2UA layer on the SG has a MAUP message to se

ASP INACTIVE ACK

ASP DOWN ACK

 What is the function of the M2UA

 M2UA can be used for signaling

 M2UA refers to MTP2 user adaptation protocol, which uses SCT

Section 2 SCTP Protocol

Section 3 M2UA Protocol

Section 4 M3UA Protocol

M3UA M2UA IUA M2PA V5UA SUA ……

M3UA application in SGP-ASP mode:

MTP User NIF NIF

M3UA application in IPSP-IPSP mode:

 Support for the transport of MTP3 user messages

Common message header ：

M3UA message category :

Message category Code (Hexadecimal)