Impact College Of Engineering and Applied Sciences

TOPIC: MODULE 5
Occupational Health and Safety Considerations

GUIDED BY:
Ajay Bhaskar
GROUP MEMBERS: Sadiya kaunain(1IC21CS039)
Alice Patricia Innes(1IC21CS003) Shawn Thomas(1IC21CS043)
Ankitha Ramesh(1IC21CS004) Srinidheesh (1IC21CS049)
Tarani S(1IC21CS051)
Beema J(1IC21CS008) Vimal Aditya S(1IC21CS054)
Chanackya J(1IC21CS020) Yashas B(1IC21CS056)
Sacheeth kumar(1IC21CS038)
Introduction
What is occupational health and safety?
Occupational health and safety is a discipline with a broad scope involving many
specialized fields. In its broadest sense, it should aim at:
 the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social
well-being of workers in all occupations;
 the prevention among workers of adverse effects on health caused by their working
conditions;
 the protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors
adverse to health;
 the placing and maintenance of workers in an occupational environment adapted to
physical and mental needs;
 the adaptation of work to humans.
In other words, occupational health and safety encompasses the social, mental and
physical well-being of workers, that is the “whole person”.
Poor working conditions affect worker health and safety :
• Unhealthy or unsafe working conditions are not limited to factories — they can be found anywhere, whether the
workplace is indoors or outdoors.
• Poor working conditions can also affect the environment workers live in, since the working and living
environments are the same for many workers. This means that occupational hazards can have harmful effects on
workers, their families, and other people in the community, as well as on the physical environment around the
workplace. A classic example is the use of pesticides in agricultural work.
Why is occupational health and safety important?
Work plays a central role in people's lives, since most workers spend at least eight hours a day in the workplace,
whether it is on a plantation, in an office, factory, etc. Therefore, work environments should be safe and healthy. Yet
this is not the case for many workers. Every day workers all over the world are faced with a multitude of health
hazards, such as:
• dusts;
• gases;
• noise;
• vibration;
• extreme temperatures.
As a result of the hazards and a lack of attention given to health and safety, work-related accidents and diseases are
common in all parts of the world.
 For employers, some of the direct costs are:
• payment for work not performed;
• medical and compensation payments;
• repair or replacement of damaged machinery and
equipment;
• reduction or a temporary halt in production;
• increased training expenses and administration costs;
• possible reduction in the quality of work;
• negative effect on morale in other workers.

Some of the indirect costs for employers are:

• the injured/ill worker has to be replaced;
• a new worker has to be trained and given time to adjust;
• it takes time before the new worker is producing at the rate of
the original worker;
• time must be devoted to obligatory investigations, to the writing
of reports and filling out of forms;
• accidents often arouse the concern of fellow workers and
influence labour relations in a negative way;
• poor health and safety conditions in the workplace can also
result in poor public relations.
 Water and wastewater treatment plants
Water and wastewater treatment plants are essential for ensuring clean water supply and proper sanitation. Here's
a brief overview of each type:
Water Treatment Plants
1. Purpose: Purify raw water to make it safe for drinking Processes
2. Coagulation and Flocculation: Add chemicals to form clumps of
impurities
3. Sedimentation: Let the clumps settle at the bottom
4. Filtration: Filter out remaining particles using sand, gravel, and
charcoal
5. Disinfection: Use chlorine or UV light to kill pathogens.
Wastewater Treatment Plants
6. Purpose: Treat sewage and industrial wastewater to prevent pollution Processes
7. Primary Treatment: Remove large solids through screening and sedimentation
8. Secondary Treatment: Use biological processes (bacteria) to decompose organic matter
9. Tertiary Treatment: Further purification using chemicals or physical processes (e.g., filtration, disinfection)
10. Sludge Treatment: Process the byproduct sludge for disposal or reuse
Occupational safety in water and wastewater
treatment plants
1. Chemical Safety: Proper handling and storage of chemicals like chlorine
2. Biological Hazards: Use PPE to protect against pathogens
3. Physical Hazards: Machinery operation, electrical safety, lockout/tagout
procedures
4. Ergonomics: Safe lifting practices, workstation design
5. Confined Spaces: Training, ventilation, and monitoring for safe work in confined
areas
6. Training and Emergency Preparedness: Regular safety training, emergency
response plans for accidents.
Handling of chemicals and safety measures in
water and wastewater treatment plants
In water and wastewater treatment plants, handling chemicals safely is crucial to ensure both
operational efficiency and environmental protection. Here's how it's typically managed:
1. Chemical Selection
2. Storage
3. Handling
4. Dosage Control
5. Spill Response
6. Disposal
7. Training and Education
Regulatory Compliance by implementing these measures, water and wastewater treatment
plants can effectively manage chemical usage while prioritizing safety for both personnel
and the environment.
 Handling of chemicals and safety measures in
labs
Handling chemicals in laboratories requires strict adherence to safety measures to
prevent accidents and protect both individuals and the environment. Some key safety
practices include:
1. Proper Training
2. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
3. Chemical Compatibility
4. Labeling
5. Ventilation
6. Emergency Procedures
7. Proper Storage
8. Regular Inspections
9. Waste Management
10.Risk Assessment
By following these safety measures and staying vigilant, laboratories can
minimize the risk of accidents and create a safer working environment
Construction materials manufacturing:
Cement Plants
 Cement Plants
• Cement plants are industrial facilities where raw materials are processed and converted into
cement, a key ingredient in concrete and mortar.
• Cement is a fine powder that acts as a binding agent when mixed with water, aggregates (such
as sand and gravel), and other materials.
• It hardens and sets, providing the structural strength needed for building and infrastructure
projects.
• primary functions of cement plant is manufacturing
cement and checking quality control.
 Manufacturing Process
1. Raw Material Extraction and Preparation
2. Raw Material Grinding
3. Preheating and Calcining
4. Clinker Production
5. Clinker Cooling
6. Final Grinding
7. Packaging and Distribution
 Key Equipment: Crusher, Grinding Mills ,Rotary Kilns,Coolers, Preheaters and Calciners
 Environmental Considerations
• Emissions: Dust, NOx, SOx, and CO₂ emissions are major concerns.
• Mitigation: Use of electrostatic precipitators, bag filters, and selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
systems. Adoption of alternative fuels and raw materials.
 Innovations
• Green Cement: Development of low-carbon and carbon-neutral cements.
• Energy Efficiency: Use of waste heat recovery systems.
• Digitalization: Smart manufacturing techniques and IoT integration for operational efficiency.
Construction materials manufacturing:
RMC Plants
• Ready-mix concrete (RMC) plants are vital for efficiently producing concrete mixes.
• Equipped with specialized machinery, they accurately batch raw materials like
aggregates, cement, water, and additives according to specific mix designs.
• The mixing unit blends these ingredients thoroughly to ensure uniformity and
consistency.
• Once mixed, the concrete is transported to construction sites via trucks equipped with
rotating drums, ready for immediate use.
• RMC plants offer consistency, efficiency, and
speed in production and delivery, reducing
construction time and labor costs.
• Their controlled environment ensures each batch
meets strict quality standards, making them preferred
choices for various construction projects.
• Overall, RMC plants play a crucial role in providing
high-quality concrete for residential buildings,
infrastructure developments, and more.
Construction materials manufacturing:
Precast
Plants
 Precast Plant
• Precast plants are manufacturing facilities that
produce precast concrete elements. These
elements are created by casting concrete in
reusable molds, which are then cured in a
controlled environment. Once cured, the
elements are transported to construction sites
where they are assembled into the final
structure.
• Primary function is in producing precast
element and customization and designing
 Manufacturing Process
1. Design and Engineering
2. Material Preparation
3. Casting
4. Curing
5. Demolding and Finishing
6. Quality Control
7. Storage and Transportation
 Key Equipment: Batching Plants, Molds and Formwork ,Curing Chambers ,Handling Equipment
 Environmental Considerations
• Waste Management: Recycling of concrete and reduction of waste.
• Energy Use: Efficient curing processes to reduce energy consumption.
• Sustainability: Use of sustainable materials and production methods.
 Innovations
• Automation: Use of robotics and automation for casting and finishing.
• 3D Printing: Emerging technology for creating complex shapes and structures.
•
Construction materials manufacturing:
Construction
sites Construction is a high hazard industry that comprises a wide range of activities
involving construction, alteration, and/or repair.
 Construction workers engage in many activities that may expose them to serious
hazards, such as falling from rooftops, unguarded machinery, being struck by
heavy construction equipment, electrocutions, silica dust, and asbestos.
 The information, tools, and resources provided in these Construction Industry
web pages are designed to assist those in the industry - whether worker or
employer - to identify, reduce, and eliminate construction-related hazards.
 Occupational health and safety in construction involves the identification,
assessment, and control of hazards to minimize the risk of injury and illness to
workers. It is essential to ensure that all workers have the necessary training,
knowledge, and equipment to work safely
 In construction activities especially, greater the risk, greater the degree of hazard control and
supervision is required.
 Before the work starts, competent EHS personnel should:
 Identify and devise risks and their management strategy
 Ensure training – site specific and job-specific
 See that the workforce has access to PPEs and know how to use them
 Observe, inspect and report that agreed safe work methods are implemented, site-wide

Ensuring occupational health and safety in the

construction industry is crucial for the well-being of
workers and the success of construction projects.
Therefore, it is important to implement effective
occupational health and safety measures and promote a
safety culture in the construction industry. By doing so,
we can prevent occupational health issues in the
construction industry and ensure that construction
workers can work safely and productively
Policies , roles and responsibilities of:
Workers
The policies, roles, and responsibilities of workers in the industry can vary
depending on the specific industry and company. However, some common themes
include adhering to safety protocols, following company policies and procedures,
maintaining productivity and quality standards, collaborating with team members,
and continuously improving skills and knowledge. Workers may also be responsible
for reporting any safety hazards or concerns, communicating effectively with
supervisors and colleagues, and contributing to a positive work environment
Some of the responsibilities are:
1. Safety
2. Compliance
3. Quality
4. Productivity
5. Collaboration
6. Continuous Improvement
7. Reporting
8. Professionalism
9. Adaptability
10.Customer Focus
 Policies , roles and responsibilities of:
Managers
A Manager is responsible for creating and implementing safety policies and procedures in
our workplace to ensure the well-being of all employees and compliance with safety
regulations
Here are some of the important duties they perform:
 Developing and implementing safety programs:
 Ensuring compliance with safety regulations:
 Conducting safety training:
 Investigating accidents and incidents:
 Maintaining safety records
 Promoting a safety culture
 Collaborating with other departments
 Policies , roles and responsibilities of:
Supervisors
Supervisors are responsible for a great deal of what goes on day to day in the workplace;
it's not just a position that solely assigns tasks. Supervisors must ensure a safe and
healthful workplace for employees. Employees must be able to report unsafe or
unhealthful workplace conditions or hazards to a supervisor without fear of reprisal.
The following is a list of primary responsibilities
 Conduct Orientation and Training of Employees:
 Enforce Safe Work Practices:
 Correct Unsafe Conditions:
 Prevent Lingering Unsafe or Unhealthful Workplace
Conditions or Hazards:
 Investigate Workplace Accidents:
 Promote Quick Return to Work:
Supervisors are additionally responsible for:

 Aligning individual performance expectations with organizational goals

 Developing performance goals collaboratively with their direct reports
 Ensuring that performance goals are clearly communicated and current
 Providing fair, constructive, and timely feedback towards performance
expectations and goals
 Providing assistance, guidance, and coaching support as needed
 Ensuring that staff have professional development plans in place
 Conducting performance evaluations according to established systems and
policies
ANY QUESTIONS FOR US?
THANK YOU