FAULT and FOLD

Earth and Life Science

Objective
Explain how the movement of
plates leads to the formation of
folds and faults.
Are you fond of travelling?
Tell whether each was formed from a
FOLD or a FAULT geologic process.
Activity: Bend or Break
FAULT
A fault is a break in the rocks that make up
the earth's crust, along which on either side
rocks move pass each other. Larger faults
are mostly from action occurring in earth's
plates. A fault line is the trace of a fault, or
the line of intersection between the fault
line and the earth's surface.
TYPES OF FAULTS

Stike-slip faults are vertical

(or nearly vertical) fractures
where the blocks have mostly
moved horizontally. If the
block opposite an observer
looking across the fault moves
to the right, the slip style is
termed right lateral; if the
block moves to the left, the
motion is termed left lateral.
TYPES OF FAULTS

Dip-slip faults are inclined

fractures where the blocks
have mostly shifted vertically.
If the rock mass above an
inclined fault moves down, the
fault is termed normal,
whereas if the rock above the
fault moves up, the fault is
termed reverse.
TYPES OF FAULTS

A transform fault is a special

variety of strike-slip fault that
accommodates relative
horizontal slip between other
tectonic elements, such as
oceanic crustal plates. Often
extend from oceanic ridges.
FOLD
A fold is when one or more originally bent
surfaces are bent or curved as the result of
permanent deformation.
TYPES OF FOLDS

• Anticline: Linear with dip away from

the center
• Syncline: Linear with dip towards the
center
TYPES OF FOLDS

• Monocline: Linear with dip in one

direction between horizontal layers
on each side.
• Basin: Non-Linear with dip towards
all center directions.
• Dome: Non-Linear with dip away
from center in all directions.
SHORT QUIZ
Tell whether each was formed from a
FOLD or a FAULT geologic process.
PERFORMANCE TASK
• Using your clay, make a model of fault and fold,
one each example.

• Rubrics
Creativity – 50%
Workmanship – 40
Cleanliness – 10%
TOTAL – 100%