A machine that converts electrical

and chemical energy into

WHAT IS ENGINE?
mechanical energy thru internal
combustion.
 WHAT IS
ENGINE?
A machine that converts electrical
and chemical energy into
mechanical energy thru internal
combustion.
1. CYLINDER BLOCK/ ENGINE BLOCK

2. CYLINDER HEAD

3. PISTONS AND PISTON RING

4. CRANKSHAFT

5. FLYWHEEL

6. VALVES
Cylinder Block – is the main
structural component of an
engine. It supports and helps
maintain alignment of
internal and external
components. The cylinder
block is the engine
component that consists of
the cylinder bore, cooling fins
on air cooled engines, valve
train components, depending
on the engine design.
Components of Engine
Cylinder Head – is a cast aluminum
alloy or cast iron engine component
fastened to the end of the cylinder
block farthest from the crankshaft. A
head gasket is the filler material placed
between the cylinder block and
cylinder head to seal the combustion
chamber. Head gaskets are made from
soft metals and graphite layered
together.
Piston Assembly – a piston is a
cylindrical engine component that slides
back and forth in the cylinder bore by
forces produced during the combustion
process. The piston acts as a movable
end of the combustion chamber. Pistons
are commonly made of a cast aluminum
alloy for excellent and lightweight
thermal conductivity.
Crankshaft – is an engine component that
converts the linear (reciprocating) motion of
the piston into rotary motion. The crankshaft
is the main rotating component of an engine
and its commonly made of ductile iron.
Features of crankshaft include the crankpin
journal, throw, bearing journals and
counterweights
Flywheel - is a cast iron, aluminum, or zinc disk that is
mounted at one end of the crankshaft to provide
inertia for the engine. Inertia is not a force, it is a
property of matter. During the operation of a
reciprocating engine, combustion occurs at distinct
intervals. The flywheel supplies the inertia required to
prevent loss of engine speed and possible stoppage of
crankshaft rotation between combustion intervals.
Valves – allow
the flow of air-
fuel mixture
into the
cylinder, and
the flow of
exhaust gases
from the
cylinder.
- It is an event happen repeat themselves
WHAT IS CYCLE IN
- In an internal combustion in engine there are
several cycle and these are:
ENGINE?
Intake stroke, Compression stroke Power stroke
andExhaust stroke
 WHAT IS CYCLE IN
ENGINE?
- It is an event happen repeat themselves
- In an internal combustion in engine there are
several cycle and these are:
Intake stroke, Compression stroke Power stroke
andExhaust stroke
 Classification of Internal Combustion
Engines
Number of Strokes
1 Four Strokes Cycle Engine – it is
an engine in which the piston moves four
times i.e. 2 upward (from BDC to TDC)
and 2 downward (from TDC to BDC )
movement in one cycle of power stroke
is called four strokes engines.
Classification of Internal Combustion
Engines
Number of Strokes
2 Two Stroke Engine- the
engine in which the piston does
two times motion i.e. one from
TDC to BDC and other from BDC to
TDC to produce a power stroke is
called two stroke engines.
What have you
observed?
 STROKE
It is a piston
movement form TDC
to BDC
TDC- Top Dead
Center
BDC- Bottom Dead
Center
INTAKE STROKE
A stroke where the Air &
Fuel Mixture enter the
combustion chamber, at this
stroke the movement of
piston is downward to create
a certain vacuum. And the
intake valve are open.
COMPRESSION STROKE
A process where the
Air and Fuel Mixture is
being compressed into
smaller space, at this
point the movement of
piston if upward. And
both valves are closed.
POWER STROKE
A stroke where the
compressed air & fuel mixture
are burned with the used of
spark plug, and the movement
of piston are downward. This
is the start of the second
revolution of the cycle.
EXHAUST STROKE
A stroke where the
piston once again
returns to top dead
centre while the
exhaust valve is open.
Intake Valve
 - A type of valve that allowed air
Intake Valve and fuel mixture to enter in the
combustion chamber
Exhaust Valve
Exhaust Valve A types of valve that
allow the burned
gasses to go outside
the combustion
chamber
 Quiz 1.1
1. A machine that converts electrical and chemical energy into mechanical energy thru internal combustion.
2. It is an event happen repeat themselves
3. It is a piston movement form TDC to BDC
4. A stroke where the piston once again returns to top dead centre while the exhaust valve is open.
5. A stroke where the compressed air & fuel mixture are burned with the used of spark plug, and the
movement of piston are downward. This is the start of the second revolution of the cycle
6. A stroke where the Air & Fuel Mixture enter the combustion chamber, at this stroke the movement of
piston is downward to create a certain vacuum. And the intake valve are open.
7. A process where the Air and Fuel Mixture is being compressed into smaller space, at this point the
movement of piston if upward. And both valves are closed.
8. A types of Valve that allows Air & Fuel Mixture to enter the combustion chamber.
9. A types of valve that allow the burned gasses to go outside the combustion chamber
10. What is TDC?
Piston no. 1 Piston no. 2 Piston no. 3 Piston no. 4

Intake Compression Exhaust Power

Compression Power Intake Exhaust

Power Exhaust Compression Intake

Exhaust Intake Power Compression

Task 1.1 4 Stroke Cycle Engine
Operation
PISTON NO. 1 PISTON NO. 2 PISTON NO. 3 PISTON NO. 4

POWER
PISTON NO. 1 PISTON NO. 2 PISTON NO. 3 PISTON NO. 4

INTAKE
PISTON NO. 1 PISTON NO. 2 PISTON NO. 3 PISTON NO. 4

EXHAUST
PISTON NO. 1 PISTON NO. 2 PISTON NO. 3 PISTON NO. 4

POWER
PISTON NO. 1 PISTON NO. 2 PISTON NO. 3 PISTON NO. 4

COMPRESSION