1.

What are the differences between a stressed and unstressed

syllable?
2. What are the factors influencing stress placement?
3. Name some of the prefixes that conventionally are
unstressed, and give examples.
4. Give an example of a word which has the stress pattern
changed when it is of different parts of speech, and establish
the rule.
5. Name some of the suffixes having no effect on the word
stress pattern, and give examples.
6. Name some of the suffixes that may receive strong stress
themselves, and give examples.
7. Name some of the suffixes causing a shift in the word stress
pattern, and give examples. 8.
8. Establish the stress pattern rule of compound nouns, and
give examples.
1. In English, how do you account for the difference between
[i:], [e] and [æ] ?
2. Diphthong moving from mid front unrounded to high front
unrounded
3. Diphthong low back rounded/ central unrounded to high
front unrounded
4. Diphthong mid back rounded to high front unrounded
5. Diphthong mid central unrounded to high back unrounded
6. Diphthong low back rounded/ central unrounded to high
back unrounded
7. Diphthong high front unrounded to mid central unrounded
8. Diphthong mid front unrounded to mid central unrounded
9. Diphthong high back unrounded to mid central unrounded
10. Bilabial sounds are produced when the …
are brought together.
11. … sounds are made when the lower lip is
raised towards the upper front teeth.
12. Dental sounds are produced by touching
the upper front teeth with the … of the tongue.
13. Alveolar sounds are made by raising the tip
of the tongue towards the ridge that is right …
the upper front teeth, called the alveolar ridge.
14. Palato-alveolar sounds are made by
raising the … of the tongue towards the part of
the palate just behind the alveolar ridge.
15. Palatal sounds are very similar to palato-
alveolar ones, they are just produced further
back towards the ….
16. Velar sounds are made by raising the … of
the tongue towards the soft palate, called the
velum.
17. Glottal sounds are produced when the air
passes through the … as it is narrowed.
18. Plosives are sounds in which there is a …
closure in the mouth, so that the air is blocked
for a fraction of a second and then released
with a small burst of sound, called a plosion (it
sounds like a very small explosion).
19. … have a closure which is not quite
complete. This means that the air is not
blocked at any point, and therefore there is no
plosion. On the other hand the obstruction is
big enough for the air to make a noise when it
passes through it, because of the friction.
20. Affricates are a combination of a plosive
and a fricative (sometimes they are called
"affricated plosives"). They begin like a plosive,
with a complete closure, but instead of a
plosion, they have a very slow …, moving
backwards to a place where a friction can be
heard (palato-alveolar).
21. Nasals resemble plosives, except that
there is a complete closure in the mouth, but
as the velum is … the air can escape through
the nasal cavity.
22. Laterals are sounds where the air escapes
around the … of the tongue.
23. Approximants are sounds where the
tongue only approaches the roof of the mouth,
so that there is not enough … to create any
friction.
24. The manners of articulation can be put into
two major groups, obtruents and sonorants. The
obstruents are …, fricatives and affricates, all
sounds with a high degree of obstruction.
Obstruents usually come in pairs, one voiceless,
one voiced. Sonorants have much less obstruction
and are all … and therefore more sonorous. They
include nasals, the …, and approximants.
25. How can you describe /r/, /w/ and /j/ using all
and only those features by which they can be
opposed to other consonants. In order to do this:
a. List all the features
b. Determine those that are redundant.
26. Give:
a. a syllable beginning with a cluster labio-dental fricative +
lateral
b. a syllable beginning with a cluster labio-dental fricative +
palatal
c. a syllable beginning with a cluster fricative + alveolar nasal
d. a syllable beginning with a cluster s + plosive + velar
e. a syllable ending with a cluster lateral +plosive + alveolar
f. a syllable ending with a cluster velar nasal + plosive
g. a syllable ending with a cluster voiced plosive + alveolar
fricative
You may have had to eliminate some of the syllables of the
exercise which are not possible in English. If you did, explain
on what basis you did so.
27. Give a clear picture of what a phoneme is
and what the problems around the definition of
the phoneme can be.
28. The autumn leaves rustled on the path.
29. Richard of York gave battle in vain.
30. We heard the cattle from a long way away.
31. He’s worried about his ankle.
32. The children were badly beaten.
33. The first train leaves at seven o’clock.
34. Have you come to enjoy the spectacle?
35. We could leave business until tomorrow.
36. Disappearance
37. Transformer
38. Captivity

Choose the word which contains a sound with its phonetic

features as stated below.

1. initial voiced fricative post-alveolar

A. giant B. job C. social D. session
2. initial cluster: plosive bilabial voiced + voiced post-alveolar approximant
A. precious B. flexible C. quality D. brother
3. final cluster: voiced nasal alveolar + voiceless plosive alveolar
A. philosophy B. student C. problem D. change
4. initial low front unrounded
A. ambulance B. apologize C. advantageous D. authority
5. final voiced labio-dental fricative
A. special B. competitive C. awareness D. occasion
Give the text to the following transcription