F. Importance and Classification of Roads - Bation

Today's Topic
Importance and
Classification of Roads,
Road Patterns, Planning
Surveys, Highway
Alignment and Surveys
CE 242 (C) - HIGHWAY AND RAILROAD ENGINEERING

BATION, JONA ROSE D.
March 03, 2024
Today's Reporter
Jona Rose
D. Bation
Pleasure to become your reporter for today! Sit
back, relax, and listen!
March 03, 2024
Learn • Significance and

Classification of Roads
• Planning Surveys
• Highway Alignment and
About • Road Patterns Surveys
March 03, 2024
I. Introduction
Roads play a crucial role in the development
of societies, facilitating economic growth,
social interaction, and cultural exchange. This
report provides an overview of the importance
and classification of roads, road patterns,
planning surveys, highway alignment and
surveys in the context of transportation
infrastructure.
March 03, 2024
II. Brief History

In 1764, Pierre Tresaguet introduced an improved method of road construction
in France. His method involved using a foundation of large stones, followed by a
layer of smaller stones, and then a layer of gravel. This approach helped in
providing a more stable road surface.
March 03, 2024
II. Brief History

However, in the early 19th century, the most significant breakthrough in road construction
came with the method proposed by John McAdam.
His method involved using layers of crushed stone of various sizes, compacted and graded to
form a hard, durable surface. This method, known as "Macadamization," was highly effective in
creating smooth and durable roads that could withstand heavy traffic and adverse weather
conditions.
March 03, 2024
III. Importance
and Classification
of Roads
March 03, 2024
Importance and Classification

of Roads
Four (4) types to consider in the classification

of roads:
• Classification of Roads Based on Materials
• Classification of Roads Based on Location/Function
• Classification of Roads Based on Traffic volume
• Classification of Roads Based on Topography
March 03, 2024
1. Classification of Roads Based on Materials
1. Earthen Roads
• These are the most basic type of roads, constructed by

compacting natural soil using road rollers.
• The least durable type of road surface.
• They are inexpensive but are prone to erosion and
deterioration in wet conditions.
• They are only suitable for low-traffic areas and temporary
roads.
• Importance: Earthen roads are important for providing basic
access in rural and remote areas where more durable road
surfaces may not be feasible due to cost or terrain.
March 03, 2024
2. Gravel Roads
• Gravel roads are made of crushed stone or gravel

compacted on a roadbed.
• They provide better stability and drainage compared to
earthen roads.
• Gravel roads are suitable for low to medium traffic
volumes and rural areas.
• Importance: Gravel roads are important for providing
better stability and drainage compared to earthen roads.
They are suitable for low to medium traffic volumes and
rural areas where asphalt or concrete roads may be too
expensive or unnecessary.
March 03, 2024
3. Murrum Roads
• Murrum roads are a type of gravel road that uses

murrum, a type of soil with a high clay content, as the
surfacing material.
• Murrum roads are more durable than regular gravel

roads and are suitable for medium-traffic rural roads.
• Importance: Murrum roads are important for providing a

more durable surface compared to regular gravel roads.
They are suitable for medium-traffic rural roads where a
more stable surface is needed but asphalt or concrete
roads may not be practical.
March 03, 2024
4. Water-Bound Macadam (WBM) Roads
• WBM roads are made of compacted layers of stone

aggregates with a mixture of screenings and binding
materials like clay or lime.
• They provide a hard and durable surface suitable for
medium to high-traffic volumes.
• WBM roads require regular maintenance to maintain their
surface integrity.
• Importance: WBM roads are important for providing a
hard and durable surface suitable for medium to high-
traffic volumes. They are cost-effective compared to
asphalt or concrete roads and can be used in rural and
urban areas where a more durable surface is needed.
March 03, 2024
5. Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) Roads
• WMM roads are an improvement over WBM roads and

are made of graded aggregates and a mixture of water
and bitumen emulsion.
• They provide better strength and durability compared to

WBM roads and are suitable for high-traffic volumes.
• Importance: WMM roads are important for providing

better strength and durability compared to WBM roads.
They are suitable for high-traffic volumes and can
withstand heavy loads, making them ideal for use in
highways and major roads.
March 03, 2024

6. Bituminous Roads
• Bituminous roads, also known as asphalt roads, are made
of a mixture of bitumen and aggregates.
• They provide a smooth and durable surface suitable for

high-traffic volumes.
• Bituminous roads are flexible and can withstand

temperature changes and heavy loads.
• Importance: Bituminous roads, or asphalt roads, are

important for providing a smooth and durable surface
suitable for high-traffic volumes. They are flexible and can
withstand temperature changes and heavy loads, making
them ideal for use in highways, urban roads, and airport
runways.
March 03, 2024
7. Concrete Roads
• Concrete roads are made of concrete, which is a mixture
of cement, aggregates, and water.
• They provide a very durable and long-lasting surface
suitable for high-traffic volumes and heavy loads.
• Concrete roads are rigid and less flexible than
bituminous roads but require less maintenance.
• Importance: Concrete roads are important for providing
a very durable and long-lasting surface suitable for high-
traffic volumes and heavy loads. They require less
maintenance compared to bituminous roads and are ideal
for use in highways, urban roads, and industrial areas.
March 03, 2024
2. Classification of Roads Based

on Location and Function of Roads 1. National Roads
• Function: National roads are major roads that serve as
the primary transportation arteries connecting key cities,
provinces, and regions.
• Location: National roads are located throughout the

country and are maintained by the national government
through the Department of Public Works and Highways
(DPWH).
• Example: The Dumaguete North Road (also known as

the Maharlika Highway), which connects Dumaguete
City to other towns and cities in Negros Oriental and the
neighboring provinces.
March 03, 2024

on Location and Function of Roads
2. Secondary Roads
• Function: Secondary roads connect smaller

towns and barangays (villages) to national roads.
They serve as feeder roads, providing access to
national roads for local traffic.
• Location: Secondary roads are located in rural

areas and may pass through agricultural lands
and smaller communities.
• Example: Roads leading to Valencia, Bacong,

Dauin, and other municipalities.
March 03, 2024

3. Tertiary Roads
• Function: Tertiary roads provide access to

remote areas, farms, and other locations not
served by national or secondary roads.
• Location: Tertiary roads are often unpaved and

may be maintained by local government units
(LGUs) or community organizations.
• Example: Tertiary roads in rural areas may

include unpaved roads that provide access to
farms, remote communities, and natural
attractions like waterfalls and hot springs.
March 03, 2024

on Location and Function of Roads 4. City/Municipal Roads
• Function: City and municipal roads provide

access within urban areas, connecting
residential, commercial, and industrial areas.
• Location: City and municipal roads are

located within cities and municipalities and
are maintained by the local government units
(LGUs).
• Example: Rizal Boulevard, Perdices Street,

and Colon Street.
March 03, 2024

on Location and Function of Roads 5. Barangay Roads
• Function: Barangay roads provide access within

barangays (villages), connecting homes,
community centers, and agricultural areas.
• Location: Barangay roads are located within

barangays and are maintained by the barangay
government or community members.
• Example: Within barangays like Bantayan,

Mangnao, and Cadawinonan.
March 03, 2024

on Location and Function of Roads 6. Expressways
• Function: Expressways are high-speed roads with

limited access points, providing fast travel between
major cities and regions.
• Location: Expressways are located in strategic locations

across the country and are operated and maintained by
government agencies such as the Toll Regulatory Board
(TRB) and the Philippine National Construction
Corporation (PNCC).
• Example: Cebu-Cordova Link Expressway (CCLEX)

and Metro Cebu Expressway
March 03, 2024

7. Bridges and Overpasses
• Function: Bridges and overpasses provide

crossings over bodies of water, valleys, or other
obstacles, allowing for continuous travel along
roads.
• Location: Bridges and overpasses are located

along various road types and are essential for
maintaining connectivity in the road network.
• Example: Mactan-Mandaue Bridge and Cebu-

Mactan Cable Stayed Bridge
March 03, 2024
3. Classification of Roads Based on Traffic Volume
1. Light Roads
• Description: Light roads are those that carry less
than 70 vehicles per day on average.
• Characteristics: These roads typically serve rural

or sparsely populated areas with low traffic
volumes.
• Importance: Light roads are important for

providing access to remote areas and connecting
rural communities to larger towns and cities.
March 03, 2024
2. Medium Roads
• Description: Medium roads are those that carry
between 70 to 250 vehicles per day on average.
• Characteristics: These roads serve a mix of rural

and urban areas with moderate traffic volumes.
• Importance: Medium roads are important for

providing connectivity between smaller towns
and villages and serving as feeder roads to larger
highways.
March 03, 2024
3. Heavy Roads
• Description: Heavy roads are those that carry

between 251 to 600 vehicles per day on average.
• Characteristics: These roads typically serve urban

and suburban areas with higher traffic volumes.
• Importance: Heavy roads are important for

providing intra-city connectivity and supporting
local transportation needs.
March 03, 2024
4. Very Heavy Roads

• Description: Very heavy roads are those that carry
more than 600 vehicles per day on average.
• Characteristics: These roads serve major urban

areas and act as major transportation corridors.
• Importance: Very heavy roads are critical for

supporting economic activities, facilitating trade
and commerce, and providing essential
transportation links within and between cities.
March 03, 2024
4. Classification of Roads
Based on Topography 1. Plain Area Roads
• Description: These are roads that traverse

flat or gently rolling terrain.
• Importance: These roads facilitate the

movement of people and goods, support
economic activities such as agriculture
and commerce, and enhance access to
education, healthcare, and other essential
services.
March 03, 2024
4. Classification of Roads
Based on Topography 2. Hilly Area Roads
• Description: These are roads that traverse

mountainous or hilly terrain.
• Constructing and maintaining roads in hilly areas

require specialized engineering techniques and
materials.
• Importance: These roads are vital for promoting

economic development and improving the quality of
life for people living in mountainous regions. They
also help preserve the environment by reducing the
need for the construction of new roads in ecologically
sensitive areas.
March 03, 2024
IV. Road
Patterns
March 03, 2024
Road Patterns
• When a road is constructed in a rectangular, radial, hexagonal, or any other pattern for proper
traffic management, it is called a road pattern.
• Roadway patterns are essential for developing a city's settlements. Current urban development
does not analyze road designs before construction which leads to several interconnected
roadways, housing projects, and commercial developments built far from town centers.
• Because of the increasing distances between the city's residential and business hubs, an
increasing number of people are forced to rely on vehicles to make their daily commute. The
primary goal of executing road patterns is to shorten travel time, reduce pollution, and distance
for vehicles. It also emphasizes how the branch roads are connected.
March 03, 2024
Types of Road
Patterns
• Rectangular or block pattern
• Radial pattern
⚬ Radial or star and block pattern
⚬ Radial or star and circular pattern
⚬ Radial or star and grid pattern
• Hexagonal pattern
• Minimum travel pattern
• Grid pattern
March 03, 2024
• RECTANGULAR OR
BLOCK PATTERN
• Description: In this pattern, roads are laid out in a grid-like
fashion, with streets intersecting at right angles. This
pattern is common in many urban areas, especially in
North America.
• Advantages: The rectangular pattern provides a simple and

efficient layout that maximizes land use and allows for
easy navigation.
• Disadvantages: However, it can lead to traffic congestion

at intersections and may lack aesthetic appeal.
March 03, 2024
2. RADIAL
PATTERN
• In this road pattern, the network of roadways is constructed
in the shape of a circle that radiates away from the center of
the area.
• This pattern is divided into three types based on its layout.

These are:
⚬ Radial or star and block pattern
⚬ Radial or star and circular pattern
⚬ Radial or star and grid pattern

March 03, 2024
2. 1. RADIAL OR STAR
AND BLOCK PATTERN
• Description: This pattern combines elements of the
radial and block patterns, with radial roads extending
from a central point and intersecting with block-like
streets.
• Advantages: It provides efficient access to and from the

central area while allowing for efficient land use in the
surrounding areas.
• Disadvantages: It may still suffer from congestion at

the central hub and can be challenging to navigate.
March 03, 2024
AND CIRCULAR PATTERN
• Description: Similar to the radial and block pattern,
this pattern features radial roads extending from a
central point, but with circular roads instead of block-
like streets.
• Advantages: The circular roads can provide better

traffic flow and connectivity compared to block-like
streets.
• Disadvantages: However, it may still suffer from

congestion at the central hub and can be challenging to
navigate.
March 03, 2024
AND GRID PATTERN
• Description: This pattern combines radial roads
extending from a central point with a grid-like
street layout.
• Advantages: It provides efficient access to and from

the central area while offering the navigational
simplicity of a grid pattern.
• Disadvantages: However, it can still suffer from

congestion at the central hub and may require
careful planning to ensure efficient traffic flow.
March 03, 2024
3. HEXAGONAL
PATTERN
• Description: In a hexagonal pattern, roads
are laid out in a honeycomb-like grid, with
streets forming hexagons.
• Advantages: The hexagonal pattern provides

efficient land use and can offer better traffic
flow compared to rectangular grids.
• Disadvantages: However, it can be more

challenging to navigate than a traditional
grid pattern.
March 03, 2024
4. MINIMUM TRAVEL
PATTERN
• Description: This pattern aims to minimize travel distances by
providing direct routes between key destinations.
• The town is served by sector centers, suburban facilities, and
neighborhood centers in this road plan, all of which are connected
to the city center by a highway that can be reached in the shortest
amount of time. Also, the shortest roads interconnect the city center
with neighboring and suburban centers. The alignment of the road is
made straight to shorten it.
• Advantages: It can reduce travel times and congestion by providing
efficient routes between major points of interest.
• Disadvantages: However, it may require significant planning and
infrastructure to implement effectively.
March 03, 2024
5. GRID
PATTERN
• Description: The grid pattern, also known as the
checkerboard pattern, consists of streets that
intersect at right angles, forming a grid-like
pattern.
• Advantages: The grid pattern provides efficient

land use and allows for easy navigation.
• Disadvantages: However, it can lead to

congestion at intersections and may lack
aesthetic appeal.
March 03, 2024
6. LINEAR
PATTERN
• Description: In a linear pattern, roads follow a
linear or parallel alignment, such as along a
riverfront or coastline.
• Advantages: The linear pattern can enhance the

visual appeal of an area and provide efficient
travel routes along linear features.
• Disadvantages: However, it may lack connectivity

between different parts of the city and can limit
options for alternative routes.
March 03, 2024
V. Highway
Alignment
and Surveys
March 03, 2024
Alignment
- The position or the layout of the
central line of the highway on the
ground.
March 03, 2024
Alignment are of two

types:
B.) VERTICAL
A.) HORIZONTAL
ALIGNMENT
ALIGNMENT
• It includes changes in level,
• It consists of straight and curved
gradients, and vertical
paths, the deviations and
curves.
horizontal curves.
March 03, 2024
An improper alignment may lead to

various disadvantages such as:
01. Increase in construction cost
02. Increase in maintenance cost
03. Increase in vehicle operation cost
04. Increase in accident rate

March 03, 2024
REQUIREMENTS OF
HIGHWAY ALIGNMENT
• Safe (S)
• Easy (E)
• Short (S)
• Economical (E)
• Comfort (C)
The requirements can be memorized as SESEC.

March 03, 2024
￭ Safe: The alignment needs to be safe during construction, operation and maintenance especially at
slopes, embankments and cutting.
• Easy: The construction materials if present at the place of construction makes the construction easier.
Similarly, it should be easy during the operation of vehicles with easy gradients and curves.
• Short: The distance between the initial and final point needs to be short so as to reduce the construction cost.
• Economical: The alignment should be economical during construction, operation, and maintenance. However,
if the construction turns out to be economical, the gradient may not be easy which in turn increases the cost of
operation and maintenance. Similarly, if the vehicle operation is taken under consideration and is made
economical, the construction cost becomes higher as the gradient and curves need to be easy.
• Comfort: The alignment should be fixed such that it provides comfort to the drivers and the passengers.
March 03, 2024
VI. Planning
Surveys
March 03, 2024
Planning Surveys
- Roads and highways play a vital role in the development of a country and
human society. But for every successful project planning is necessary. From a
small road to big structure and highway planning surveys is the first and
foremost thing that needs to be done. Planning becomes more important when
sources of funds and materials are limited in quantity.
March 03, 2024
Different Types of Highway

Planning Surveys
• Map Study
• Reconnaissance Survey
• Preliminary Survey
• Location Survey
• Topographic Surveys
• Engineering Survey for Highway Location
⚬ Traffic Surveys
⚬ Soil and Material Surveys
⚬ Drainage Surveys
March 03, 2024
• MAP
• Description: Map STUDY
study involves analyzing existing maps,
including topographic maps, land use maps, and aerial
photographs, to gather information about the project area. This
helps in understanding the terrain, land use patterns, existing
infrastructure, and other relevant features.
• Maps show the various topographical features like river, hills, and
valleys. With the proper map study at the office, it is possible to
obtain the basic details to fix the alignment of roads.
• Purpose: Map study provides an overview of the project area,

helping planners identify potential constraints and opportunities
for the project.
March 03, 2024
2. RECONNAISSANCE
SURVEY
• Description: Reconnaissance survey involves a preliminary visit to
the project area to visually inspect the site and gather general
information. The purpose of reconnaissance survey is to eliminate
those routes or sites which are impractical or unfeasible and to
identify the more promising routes or sites.
• In reconnaissance surveys, simple survey instruments like a

prismatic compass, Abney level, tangent clinometer, barometer, etc.
may be used to collect additional details rapidly.
• Purpose: Reconnaissance survey helps in understanding the overall

feasibility and potential challenges of the project, guiding further
planning and survey efforts.
March 03, 2024
3. PRELIMINARY
SURVEY
• Description: Preliminary survey involves the collection of detailed
data about the project area, including topography, land use, existing
utilities, and environmental features. This survey provides more
detailed information than a reconnaissance survey but is less
comprehensive than a location survey.
• In a preliminary survey, the survey instruments to be used are chain

type, prismatic compass, leveling instrument, plane table theodolite.
• Purpose: Preliminary survey helps in refining the project scope,

estimating costs, and identifying potential issues that need to be
addressed in the detailed design phase.
March 03, 2024
4. LOCATION SURVEY
• Description: Location survey is a detailed survey conducted to
establish the precise alignment and dimensions of the proposed
highway or road. This survey includes detailed topographic
mapping, land acquisition surveys, and alignment design.
• In this survey instruments used are theodolite, level, plane

table, tape, etc.
• Purpose: Location survey provides the detailed information

needed for the final design and construction of the highway or
road, including alignment, grades, and drainage requirements.
March 03, 2024
5. TOPOGRAPHIC
SURVEYS
• Description: Topographic surveys involve the measurement and
mapping of the natural and man-made features of the project
area, including elevations, contours, slopes, and structures.
• Basically, these are the type of highway planning surveys which

consist of determining the horizontal and vertical locations of
objects on the surface of the earth.
• Purpose: Topographic surveys show the nature of the ground or

profile of ground which is the most essential part for proper road
alignment.
March 03, 2024
6. ENGINEERING SURVEY
FOR HIGHWAY LOCATION:
• Description: This survey focuses on the engineering

aspects of highway location, including alignment design,
earthwork calculations, and preliminary design of
structures such as bridges and culverts.
• Purpose: Engineering survey for highway location

provides the technical information needed to develop
detailed construction plans, estimates, and specifications
for the highway project.
March 03, 2024
6. 1. TRAFFIC
Engineering surveys consists of
three surveys to be carried out as SURVEYS
• Description: Traffic surveys are conducted to collect data on traffic
follows:
volume, vehicle types, speeds, and travel patterns along the proposed
highway alignment. This information helps in designing the road to
accommodate current and future traffic demands.
• Methods: Traffic surveys may involve manual or automated traffic

counts, speed studies, origin-destination surveys, and traffic flow
analysis.
• Purpose: Traffic surveys provide critical information for determining

lane widths, intersection design, and other traffic control measures to
ensure safe and efficient traffic flow.
March 03, 2024
6. 2. SOIL AND MATERIAL

SURVEYS
• Description: Soil and material surveys assess the properties of the
soil and other materials present along the highway alignment. This
information is crucial for designing the pavement structure,
embankments, and other earthworks.
• Methods: Soil and material surveys may involve soil sampling,

laboratory testing, and analysis of soil properties such as strength,
compaction, and drainage characteristics.
• Purpose: Soil and material surveys help in selecting appropriate

materials for construction, determining earthwork quantities, and
designing stable and durable pavement structures.
March 03, 2024
6. 3. DRAINAGE
SURVEYS
• Description: Drainage surveys assess the existing drainage
conditions along the highway alignment and identify any potential
drainage issues that need to be addressed.
• Methods: Drainage surveys may involve topographic mapping to

identify natural drainage patterns, as well as inspection of existing
drainage infrastructure such as culverts, ditches, and stormwater
drains.
• Purpose: Drainage surveys help in designing effective drainage

systems to prevent flooding, erosion, and waterlogging, ensuring
the long-term durability and safety of the highway.
March 03, 2024
References:
TESTB OOK. (N.D.). C LASSIFIC ATION OF ROADS: KNOW DIFFER ENT TYPES OF R OADS ,FEATUR ES. TESTB OOK.
HTTPS://TESTBOOK.C OM/CIVIL-ENGINEERING/C LASSIFICATION-OF-R OADS
DESK. (2 0 2 1 , OC TOBER 9 ). R OADS AND HIGHWAYS – TYPES OF HIGHWAY PLANNING SURVEYS . ALLAB OUTC IVIL.
HTTPS://ALLAB OUTCIVIL.OR G/TYPES-HIGHWAY-PLANNING-SURVEYS/
PATIL, S. (2 0 2 0 , JULY 2 8 ). L4 ENGINEER ING SURVEYS FOR HIGHWAYS 1 .3 [SLIDE SHOW ]. SLIDESHAR E.
HTTPS://W W W.SLIDESHAR E.NET/SKPATIL0 0 1 /L4 -ENGINEER ING-SURVEYS-FOR -HIGHWAYS-1 3
R AHMAN, F. U. (2 0 2 2 , NOVEMB ER 1 ). 6 TYPES OF ROAD PATTER NS . THE C ONSTRUC TOR .

HTTPS://THEC ONSTRUC TOR .OR G/TR ANSPORTATION/TYPES-R OAD-PATTERNS/5 6 7 7 0 5 /
AKSHATHAB HANDARY. (2 0 2 0 , APR IL 8 ). HIGHWAY ALIGNMENT [SLIDE SHOW ]. SLIDESHAR E.

HTTPS://W W W.SLIDESHAR E.NET/AKSHATHABHANDARY/HIGHWAY-ALIGNMENT-2 3 1 6 1 6 9 3 7
YU, L. S. (2 0 2 3 , AUGUST 2 4 ). HEAVY TR AFFIC ? MAR C OS ADVISOR C ALLS IT SIGN OF ‘B OOMING’ EC ONOMY. R APPLER .
HTTPS://W W W.RAPPLER .C OM/NEW SB REAK/INSIDE-TR AC K/MAR C OS-ADVISOR -JOEY-C ONC EPC ION-SAYS-TR AFFIC-SIGN-
B OOMING-EC ONOMY/
Thank You!
I hope you’ve learned a lot from
my presentation!
Created by
Ms. Jona Rose D. Bation
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Today's Topic

CE 242 (C) - HIGHWAY AND RAILROAD ENGINEERING

Learn • Significance and

II. Brief History

II. Brief History

Importance and Classification

Four (4) types to consider in the classification

1. Classification of Roads Based on Materials

• These are the most basic type of roads, constructed by

1. Classification of Roads Based on Materials

• Gravel roads are made of crushed stone or gravel

1. Classification of Roads Based on Materials

• Murrum roads are a type of gravel road that uses

• Murrum roads are more durable than regular gravel

• Importance: Murrum roads are important for providing a

1. Classification of Roads Based on Materials

4. Water-Bound Macadam (WBM) Roads

• WBM roads are made of compacted layers of stone

1. Classification of Roads Based on Materials

5. Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) Roads

• WMM roads are an improvement over WBM roads and

• They provide better strength and durability compared to

• Importance: WMM roads are important for providing

1. Classification of Roads Based on Materials

• They provide a smooth and durable surface suitable for

• Bituminous roads are flexible and can withstand

• Importance: Bituminous roads, or asphalt roads, are

1. Classification of Roads Based on Materials

2. Classification of Roads Based

• Location: National roads are located throughout the

• Example: The Dumaguete North Road (also known as

2. Classification of Roads Based

• Function: Secondary roads connect smaller

• Location: Secondary roads are located in rural

• Example: Roads leading to Valencia, Bacong,

2. Classification of Roads Based

• Function: Tertiary roads provide access to

• Location: Tertiary roads are often unpaved and

• Example: Tertiary roads in rural areas may

2. Classification of Roads Based

• Function: City and municipal roads provide

• Location: City and municipal roads are

• Example: Rizal Boulevard, Perdices Street,

2. Classification of Roads Based

• Function: Barangay roads provide access within

• Location: Barangay roads are located within

• Example: Within barangays like Bantayan,

2. Classification of Roads Based

• Function: Expressways are high-speed roads with

• Location: Expressways are located in strategic locations

• Example: Cebu-Cordova Link Expressway (CCLEX)

2. Classification of Roads Based

• Function: Bridges and overpasses provide

• Location: Bridges and overpasses are located

• Example: Mactan-Mandaue Bridge and Cebu-

3. Classification of Roads Based on Traffic Volume

• Characteristics: These roads typically serve rural

• Importance: Light roads are important for

3. Classification of Roads Based on Traffic Volume

• Characteristics: These roads serve a mix of rural

• Importance: Medium roads are important for

3. Classification of Roads Based on Traffic Volume

• Description: Heavy roads are those that carry

• Characteristics: These roads typically serve urban