Soil

(nonrenewable Resource)
 Soil is a nonrenewable resource that must be
conserved because it is difficult to replace.
Nature takes 200-300 years to form one
centimeter of topsoil
Soil is unconsolidated mineral or organic material on
the immediate surface of the Earth that serves as a
natural medium for the growth of land plants and
animals.
How is soil
produced? It is produced from rocks (parent material) through the
processes of weathering and natural erosion. The soil
that remains on top of its parent rock is called
RESIDUAL SOIL.
 Some soil may be carried by
water and wind, and transported
away from its place of origin and
is thus called TRANSPORTED
SOIL

● Transported soil can be different

from the layer of rock it covers.
The layer of rock beneath the
soil in the bedrock.
Soil Profile- is the vertical layer or horizon in the soil.

A soil profile has 5

main horizons.
However, not all soil
profiles contain all
these horizons; thus,
soil profile differ from
one location to
another.
 Soil
Profile
O A
Horizon Horizon
Is a surface horizon that It is also called TOPSOIL,
composed of organic it is composed of sand, silt,
materials in different stages and clay, which are rich in
of decomposition. minerals. It also has a little
amount of organic matter
like humus. (dark in color)
E
Horizon
It is a subsurface layer that
has been heavily leached.
Leaching is a process by
which soil loses its soluble
nutrients. (light in color)
 Soil Profile

B Horizon C Horizon
It is also known as It is also called
SUBSOIL, is a layer that REGOLITH, is the
has accumulated from the least weathered among
layer (s) above it. It is
all the horizons, It is
where certain minerals
are deposited when an unconsolidated,
mineralized water drip loose parent material
from the soil above after covering the bedrock
the leaching process.
 R Horizon

It is the unwanted layer and it is

commonly known as
BEDROCK. Soil horizon forms
continuously but slowly.
How to conserve
soil?
Soil Erosion-is the carrying off of
rock and soil by water or wind.
 How to Prevent Soil Erosion?

Terrace farming is Strip cropping is a method Crop rotation is the practice

the practice of of farming which involves of planting
cutting flat areas cultivating a field partitioned different crops sequentially
out of a hilly or into long, on the same plot of land to
mountainous narrow strips which are improve soil health, optimize
landscape in order alternated in a crop rotation nutrients in the soil, and
to grow crops system combat pest and weed
pressure.
 RECYCLING
Is a process of
transforming or reusing a
product, which may be
beyond its intended use.
It reduces the need for
landfill
It does not only reduces
waste, but it also reduces
the need to buy new things,
helping not only the
environment but also the
economy.
 Performance Task No. 4.2

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