Networking with Java

Daw Myat Aye Aye Aung

Assistant Lecturer

Faculty of Computer Science, University of Computer Studies, Yangon

 Learning Outcomes

• To understand basic network terminology

• To be familiar with several common programming interfaces for network

communication

• To be able to implement client and server programs in Java using the

Sockets and Server sockets classes

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 Basic of Networking
• Computers running on internet communicate to each other using either
the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or User Datagram Protocol
(UDP).

• Protocol is the special set of rules that end points in a telecommunication

connection use when they communicate.

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 Client Server in Networking

• Involves two types of programs: client and server.

‒ Server : a program that provides services to one or more clients.
‒ Client : a program that makes a service request from server.

• Example:
World Wide Web  Server : Web Server
Client : Web Browsers

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 TCP
• Like a telephone call

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is connection-oriented.

• Guarantees that data sent from one end of the connection actually gets to
the other end in the same order it was sent.

• Works together with Internet Protocol (IP). TCP/IP makes a reliable

communication channel.
• Additional internet protocols:
‒ HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
‒ FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
‒ Telnet
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 UDP
• Like a postal service

• User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a connectionless Internet protocol.

• It sends independent packets of data, called datagrams, from one

application to another.

• The order of delivery is not important and is not guaranteed, and each
message is independent of any other.

• Example
‒ Video conferencing, streaming, VoIP

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 TCP vs. UDP

 Slower but reliable transfers  Fast but non-guaranteed transfers

 Typical applications: (“best effort”)
‒ Email  Typical applications:
‒ Web Browsing ‒ VoIP
‒ File Transfer Protocol (FTP) ‒ Live streaming
‒ Online games

unicast unicast multicast broadcast

Ref: https://microchipdeveloper.com/tcpip:tcp-vs-udp

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 Internet Addressing
• Every computer on the internet has an address, called IP Address.
• This address is a number that uniquely identifies each computer on the
network.

Name Address
www.google.com 216.239.57.99
www.amazon.com 207.171.166.48

DNS ‒ Domain Name Server Name to Address Resolution is

done by DNS Server.

• DNS translates hostnames that humans can remember (like www.google.com) into
numeric Internet addresses (like 216.239.57.99).
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 IP Address
• An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to
each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer network.

• IP addresses are binary numbers, but they are usually stored in text files
and displayed in human-readable notations, such as 172.16.254.1 (for
IPv4), and 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1 (for IPv6).

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 Port
• What is a port?
‒ A port is a virtual point where network connections start and end.
‒ A computer port is a type of electronic, software- or programming-related
docking point through which information flows from a program on your
computer or to your computer from the Internet or another computer in a
network.

• Ports are numbered for consistency and programming.

• Ports are represented by a 16-bit number (0 to 65535).

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 Port (Cont’d)
• Port number < 1024 are reserved for special services.

• Port number >= 1024 are generally used for user level process or services.

• Example:
FTP  21
Telnet  23
SMTP  25
HTTP  80

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 Some classes in java.net package
• Provides the classes for implementing networking applications.

import java.net.*; Java.net Package

InetAddress
Socket
ServerSocket
URI
URL
DatagramPacket
DatagramSocket
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 InetAddress class
• Represents an IP address.

• Also provides methods to resolve host names to their IP addresses and

vice versa.

• The various address types are as follows:

 Unicast  sends IP packets to a single recipient on a network
 Multicast  sends IP packets to a group of hosts on a network

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 Some methods of InetAddress Class
• String getHostAddress()
• String getHostName()
• static InetAddress getLocalHost()
• static InetAddress getByName(String host)
• static InetAddress[] getAllByName(String host)
• static InetAddress getByAddress(String host, byte[]
addr)
• boolean isLoopbackAddress()
• boolean isMulticastAddress()

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 Example : InetAddress Class
import java.net.*;
public class InetAddressTest {
public static void main(String[] args)
{ String host = "www.google.com
"; try {
InetAddress address =
InetAddress.getByName(h
ost);
System.out.println(address);
InetAddress[ ] addresses = InetAddress.getAllByName(host);
www.google.com/74.125.24.106
for(InetAddress add:addresses) www.google.com/74.125.24.104
} catch (UnknownHostException e) { www.google.com/74.125.24.147
System.out.println(add);
e.printStackTrace(); } www.google.com/74.125.24.103
www.google.com/74.125.24.105
} www.google.com/74.125.24.99
} Faculty of Computer Science, University of Computer Studies, Yangon 15
 Java Socket Programming

• Java socket programming is used for communication between the

applications running on the network.
‒ connection-oriented socket programming (TCP)

 Use Socket and ServerSocket classes

‒ connection-less socket programming (UDP)

 Use DatagramSocket and DatagramPacket classes

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 Socket class
• Communication over the internet involves sockets for creating connections.

• Java supports sockets with the Socket class.

java.lang.object
java.net.Socket

• Some Constructors
‒ Socket()
‒ Socket(InetAddress address, int port)
‒ Socket(String host, int port)

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 Some methods of Socket class
• void connect (SocketAddress
endpoint)
• void bind (SocketAddress
bindpoint)
• void close()
• boolean isBound()
• boolean isConnected()
• boolean isClosed()
• int getPort()

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 Some methods of Socket class
• public InputStream getInputStream()
‒ returns the InputStream attached with this socket.

• public OutputStream getOutputStream()

‒ returns the OutputStream attached with this socket.
• public void close()
‒ closes this socket

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 SeverSocket class
• Use to create a server application.

• Create object that is used to establish communication with the clients.

• Some Constructors
‒ ServerSocket()
‒ ServerSocket(int port)
‒ ServerSocket(int port, int maxQueue)
‒ ServerSocket(int port, int maxQueue, InetAddress localAddress)

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 SeverSocket class (Cont’d)
• Some methods

 Socket accept()
 void bind(SocketAddress endpoint)
 void close()
 InetAddress getInetAddress()
 int getLocalPort()

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 SeverSocket class (Cont’d)
• public Socket accept()
‒ returns the socket and establish a connection between server and client.

• public void close()

‒ closes the server socket.

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 Socket Programming in Java
Creating Server Program
 need to create the instance of ServerSocket class
 ServerSocket svr_socket = new ServerSocket(port number);

ServerSocket svr_socket = new ServerSocket(9999);

Socket cli_socket = svr_socket.accept();//establishes connection and waits for client

Creating Client Program

 need to create the instance of Socket class
 Socket socket = new Socket(“server name”, port number);

Socket socket = new Socket("localhost",9999);

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 Socket Programming in Java (Cont’d)
Read data from Client or Server

DataInputStream input = new DataInputStream (socket.getInputStream());

input.readInt();
input.readUTF();

Write data to Client or Server

DataOutputStream output =new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());

output.writeInt();
output.writeUTF();

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 Read Data from Console

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(System.in));

Scanner scan = new Scanner (System.in);

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 TCP/IP Client Sockets
• To receive response from the server:
Some useful classes to create input stream
• InputStream
- supports basic read( ) methods
• DataInputStream
- supports read( ), readChar( ), readInt( ), readDouble( ), etc.. methods
• InputStreamReader
- supports readLine( ) method
• BufferedReader
- supports readLine( ) method

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 TCP/IP Client Sockets
• To send information to the server:
Some useful classes to create output stream
• OutputStream
- supports basic write( ) methods
• DataOutputStream
- supports print( ) methods to write Java primitive data types
• PrintStream
- supports print( ) methods for displaying Java primitive data types
• PrintWriter
- supports print( ) and println( ) methods

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 Example 1
• Server Program
‒ Receives a text from client
‒ Prints it

• Client Program
‒ Send a text to server

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 Example1: Server Program
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class MyServer {
public static void main(String[] args){
try{
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9999);
System.out.println("Server is Ready");
Socket s = ss.accept();
System.out.println(“Connection is established");
DataInputStream din = new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
String str = din.readUTF();
System.out.println("message = "+str);
ss.close();
}catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
}
}
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 Example1: Client Program
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class MyClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
Socket s=new Socket("localhost",9999);
DataOutputStream dout=new DataOutputStream(s.getOutputStream());
dout.writeUTF("Hello Server");
dout.close();
Output:
s.close();
}catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);} Server is Ready
Connection is established
}
message = Hello Server
}

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 Example 2: Calculator
• Server
‒ acts as a calculator
‒ accepts command and inputs, and calculates them
‒ return result

• Client
‒ interacts with user to get inputs
‒ request the server giving command with data
‒ receive the result

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 Example 2: Server Program
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class CalculatorServer {
String cmd = "";
int num1 = 0;
int num2 = 0;
int result = 0;
public CalculatorServer() throws IOException {
ServerSocket svrSocket = new ServerSocket(1025);
System.out.println("Server is ready***");
Socket connSocket = svrSocket.accept();
System.out.println("Server and client is connected");

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Example 2: Server Program (Cont’d)
DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(connSocket.getInputStream());
cmd = in.readUTF();
num1 = in.readInt();
num2 = in.readInt();

if (cmd.equalsIgnoreCase("ADD")) {
result =calculateSum(num1, num2);
} else if (cmd.equalsIgnoreCase("SUB")) {
result =calculateSub(num1, num2);
}

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Example 2: Server Program (Cont’d)
else if (cmd.equalsIgnoreCase("MULT")) {
result = calculateMultiply(num1, num2);
} else {
result = calculateDivide(num1, num2);
}
DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(
connSocket.getOutputStream());
out.writeInt(result);
svrSocket.close();
}
private int calculateSum(int n1, int n2) {
return (n1 + n2);
}

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 Example 2: Server Program (Cont’d)
private int calculateSub(int n1, int n2) {
return n1 - n2;
}
private int calculateMultiply(int n1, int n2) {
return n1 * n2;
}
private int calculateDivide(int n1, int n2) {
return n1 / n2;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
new CalculatorServer();
}
}

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 Example 2: Client Program
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class CalculatorClient {
char ch;
public CalculatorClient() throws IOException,UnknownHostException{
Socket cliSocket = new Socket("localhost", 1025);

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader (new InputStreamReader(System.in));

System.out.println("Type a command ( ADD, SUB,MULT,DIV): ");
String cmd = br.readLine();

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Example 2: Client Program (Cont’d)
System.out.println("Enter number1 :");
int num1 = Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());

System.out.println("Enter number2 :");

int num2 = Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());

DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(cliSocket.getOutputStream());

out.writeUTF(cmd);
out.writeInt(num1);
out.writeInt(num2);

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 Example 2: Client Program (Cont’d)
// creating inputStream to read server reply
DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(cliSocket.getInputStream());
int result = in.readInt();
System.out.println("Result = " + result);

cliSocket.close();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
new CalculatorClient();
}
}

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 Exercise
• Write a client server program to calculate the Area and Perimeter of a
Square. Client accepts the length and sends it to the server. The server
calculates and returns the results. Client should display these results.

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 Summary
• Java is a preferable language for network programming.

• java.net package encapsulate large number of classes and interface

which makes it easy to communicate via TCP/IP sockets or UDP sockets
over the internet.

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