Box and Whisker Plots

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In this lesson …
 Describe a data set using “five number summary”.

Construct a box and whisker plot using the “five number summary”.

 Determine any potential outliers in the data set using box and whisker plots.

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Definition: Interquartile Range
 The interquartile range (IQR) is the difference between the third quartile and
the first quartile. That is,

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Definition: Lower and Upper Fence Value
 The “lower fence value” of a data set is determined by the formula:

 The “upper fence value” of a data set is determined by the formula:

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Definition: Box and Whisker Plot
 A box and whisker plot is a visual presentation of the “five number summary” of
a data set. The five number summary includes:
 Minimum Value
 First Quartile
 Second Quartile
 Third Quartile
 Maximum Value
 The lowest number in the data set that is between the lower and upper fence is
the minimum value.
 The highest number in the data set that is between the lower and upper fence is
the maximum value.
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Parts of Box and Whisker Plot
Maximum value

𝑸 𝟑

The median or
“Whiskers” “Box”

𝑸 𝟏

Minimum value

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Parts of Box and Whisker Plot
In this case,
Minimum value = 59

Maximum value =113

Any value that are:
a. Less than lower fence value.
b. Greater than upper fence
value.

Are considered as outlier.

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Example 1
Consider the following scores:
79 83 86 87 87 87
90 90 90 90 91 91
92 92 92 92 92 92
92 92 93 93 93 93
93 93 93 93 94 94
95 95 95 96 96 96

Provide a five value summary for the data set above.

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Solution
In this case, we have:

Hence, the interquartile range (IQR) is:

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Solution
Thus, the lower fence value is:

And the upper fence value is:

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 Five point summary: Lower fence value = 85.5
Minimum value = 86 Upper fence value = 97.5

Maximum value = 96

Outliers

79 83 86 87 87 87
90 90 90 90 91 91
Outliers
92 92 92 92 92 92
92 92 93 93 93 93
93 93 93 93 94 94
95 95 95 96 96 96

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Example 2
Consider the following scores:

89 90 90 91 92 92 92 92 92 93

93 93 93 94 94 94 94 95 96 96

96 96 96 96 96 96 96 97 97 97

97 97 97 97 98 98 98 98
Provide a five value summary for the data set above.

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Solution
In this case, we have:

Hence, the interquartile range (IQR) is:

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Solution
Thus, the lower fence value is:

And the upper fence value is:

SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY ⃒ LABORATORY SCHOOL

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 Five point summary:
Minimum value = 89

Maximum value = 98

Lower fence value = 87

Upper fence value = 103

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Example 3
Consider the following scores:

75 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 80 80
81 81 81 81 82 82 82 82 82 84
84 84 84 84 84 85 85 87 87 87
89 90 91 91 94

Provide a five value summary for the data set above.

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Solution
In this case, we have:

Hence, the interquartile range (IQR) is:

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Solution
Thus, the lower fence value is:

And the upper fence value is:

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 Five point summary: Lower fence value = 72.5
Minimum value = 75 Upper fence value = 92.5
Outlier

Maximum value = 91

75 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 80 80

81 81 81 81 82 82 82 82 82 84

84 84 84 84 84 85 85 87 87 87

89 90 91 91 94
Outlier

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