Parts of Speech

Parts of Speech

• Verbs
• Nouns
• Prepositions
• Conjunctions
• Pronouns
 Verbs

• Show action.
• They change according to:
• Number: singular or plural subject
• Tense (present, past or future)
• Voice (active or passive)
• Form (simple or continuous)
 Singular/Plural

The subject of the sentence determines the verb.

If the subject is single, the verb must also be single.

Tricky singular subjects:

• A class of students

• Pair of shoes

• Everyone & no-one

 Tenses

Irregular verbs: the verbs change completely in different tenses.

E.G. wear – wore – worn

speak- spoke – spoken

Auxiliary verbs: appear before a verb and helps to tell the tense.

E.G. We are learning. We were learning.

* In these cases, there are 2 verbs. (Both the auxiliary & maid verb.)
 Nouns

•Nouns can be singular & plural.

•Follow these rules:
Words that end in ‘f’ or ‘fe’ = add ‘ves’
Half halves
Knife knives
Words that end in a consonant & ‘y’ = add ‘ies’
Party parties
Words that end in a vowel & ‘y’ = add ‘s’
Birthday birthdays
Words that end in ‘ch’, ‘sh’, ‘ss’ = add ‘es’
Glass glasses

Words that end in ‘o’ = add ‘es’

Potato potatoes
Change these singular nouns to plurals

1.Lily 5.Dish

2.Leaf 6.Tomato

3.Woman 7.Dress

4.Glove
 Prepositions

• Small connecting words that introduce a noun.

• Tell us its position or relation to something else.

• Each has a specific purpose.

• Identify time: at, by, in, on.
• Identify location: at, by, into, on.
• A preposition is usually followed by a noun OR pronoun (called the
object).
• Preposition + the Object = Prepositional Phrase.
Prepositional phrases = Preposition + Object

Preposition Object
After The movie
At The university
Between You and me
In The coffee shop
Identify the Prepositional Phrase

1.He ate his lunch at home.

2.Tina watched the movie while lying under a warm blanket.
3.The sweet potatoes in the vegetable rack are getting old.
4.They drove very fast along the N2.
 Conjunctions

• Join ideas or parts of a sentence.

• Two types:
1. Co-ordinating: FANBOYS
2. Subordinating: Used to join ideas that are not
of equal value.
E.G. because, although, after, when…
 Pronouns

• Are used to replace nouns in a sentence.

• Make sure the pronoun you choose represents the gender and
number (singular or plural) of the noun.
• E.G. Tanya, Sivu and Sam completed their assignment.

They
 Types of Pronouns:

Personal: most commonly recognised.

-(me, you, him, her…)
Possessive: to show possession.
-(mine, yours, theirs…)
Reflexive: end in ‘self’ or ‘selves’
-(themselves, myself…)
Types of Pronouns:

Relative: connects a previous part of the sentence to the next part.

- (who, whom, that, which)
Demonstrative: naming a specific item or person.
- (this, that, these, those)
Interrogative: the words used to ask questions.
-(who, what, which…)
Indefinite: when referring to many.
-(anyone, someone…)

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Next Lecture:

Punctuation

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