Environmental considerations affect tourism and

hospitality strategic management and marketing.

Table of Contents
 What is tourism?
 How Environment affects strategy
 impact of environmental factors on Tourism &
Hospitality
What is Tourism?
 The practice of traveling to a foreign country for
leisure or commercial purposes is a major
economic, cultural, and social phenomena.
 “Tourism's expected expansion poses
environmental issues. Tourism consumes resources
and generates pollution and waste through
infrastructure, transportation, and activities. In the
absence of effective planning and management,
tourism expansion can increase land prices and
pressure to construct on agricultural land. (WTO,
1999: 10)”
How Environment affects strategy
 Stability

The rate of change determines stability.

Stability delays change. Managers can observe changes and
respond in a targeted manner. A stable food industry
A rapidly changing environment. Managers need
to be quick and flexible. Business is dynamic today.
Technology, consumer tastes, legislation, political leaders,
and international conditions are changing swiftly. Failure to
monitor and adjust to changing conditions kills companies.
 Complexity

Complexity relates to the organization's environment

and its aspects. Many elements can result a corporation
in a complex environment. Variables are hard to
identify, quantify, and understand. More change sources
require managers' attention, making decision-making
more challenging. Small changes in one element might
cause significant changes in another in chaos theory.
 Resource scarcity

Scarcity refers to the availability of critical or demanded

business resources. Scarcity is primarily caused by
a shortage of supply, but demand can also drive up costs. A
company may not be able to operate or grow if resources are
scarce.
 Uncertainty

Insecurity results from instability, complexity, and

resource scarcity. Environmental predictability
determines uncertainty. Managers can't forecast
where and how change will occur in an uncertain
environment. Instead of facts, managers must rely on
assumptions. Companies that "predict" accurately
benefit from ambiguity, while others suffer.
impact of environmental factors on
Tourism & Hospitality
 Depletion of natural resources

 More tourists visiting areas with limited resources

can put a burden on those resources.
 Pollution

 Air emissions, noise, solid waste and littering,

sewage, oil, and chemical discharges, and even
architectural and visual pollution can all be caused
by tourism just as they are by other businesses.
 Physical impact

 Sand beaches, lakes, riverbanks, mountaintops,

and slopes, all desirable locations in the landscape,
are often transitional zones with species-rich
ecosystems. Typical physical consequences on
such ecosystems include their deterioration.
 Loss biological diversity
a) It threatens our ability to get food, wood,
medicine, and energy. It also hurts our chances of
having fun and going on vacation.
b) b) It gets in the way of important ecological
functions like the balance of species, the
formation of soil, and the absorption of
greenhouse gases.
c) c) It makes ecosystems less productive.
d) d) It throws ecosystems off balance and makes
them less able to handle natural disasters like
floods, droughts, and hurricanes, as well as
stresses caused by people, like pollution and
climate change.
References
 Hall, C.M., 2001. Trends in ocean and coastal tourism: the end of
the last frontier?. Ocean & coastal management, 44(9-10), pp.601-
618.
 Torres-Delgado, A. and Saarinen, J., 2017. Using indicators to
assess sustainable tourism development: a review. New research
paradigms in tourism geography, pp.31-47.
 Bonilla Priego, M.J., Najera, J.J. and Font, X., 2011. Environmental
management decision-making in certified hotels. Journal of
sustainable tourism, 19(3), pp.361-381.
 Alonso, A.D. and Ogle, A., 2010. Tourism and hospitality small and
medium enterprises and environmental sustainability. Management
Research Review.
Thank You !