PROBLEM STATEMENT

A PRE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE

EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAM ON
KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT USED IN CLINICAL AREA AMONG BASIC B.SC
NURSING 1ST SEMESTER STUDENTS OF AMAR PROFESSIONAL
COLLEGE OF NURSING, DYALPURA, DISTT. MOHALI, PUNJAB.
 OBJECTIVES

• 1) TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT USED IN

CLINICAL AREA AMONG BASIC B.SC NURSING 1ST SEMESTER STUDENTS.
• 2) TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAM BY
COMPARING PRE-TEST AND POST-TEST REGARDING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
USED IN CLINICAL AREA AMONG BASIC B.SC NURSING 1ST SEMESTER STUDENTS.

• 3) TO FIND OUT THE ASSOCIATION OF POST-TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE

REGARDING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT USED IN CLINICAL AREAS
AMONG BASIC B.SC NURSING 1ST SEMESTER STUDENTS WITH THEIR SELECTED
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES.
 •Personal Protective Equipment are
specialized clothing or equipment worn by a
healthcare worker for protection against
INTRODUCTION infectious materials (gown, mask, respirators,
protective eye wear & gloves) should be
readily available for personnel performing
patient care. (CDC 2004)
•Many times workers do not adhere to
Personal Protective Equipment requirement
because they feel it is a nuisance to wear or
slows them down during a task it but PPE's is
used only when some type of hazard has been
identified and can't be eliminated through
others means. It means that cause injury and
fainting to use prescribed equipment push you
in practical danger.
 Types of PPE
1.Gloves:
• Latex, nitrile, or vinyl gloves are worn to
protect hands from direct contact with bodily
fluids, chemicals, and infectious materials.
• Choose the appropriate glove type based on
the task and potential hazards.
 2. Masks:
•Types:
Surgical masks and N95 respirators are
common masks used in clinical settings.

•Techniques:
Surgical masks are used to protect against
large respiratory droplets and splashes. N95
respirators provide a higher level of filtration
for airborne particles and are used in situations
where airborne transmission is a concern.
 3. Face Shields/Goggles:
•Types:
Clear plastic face shields or goggles protect the
eyes and face from splashes, sprays, and
respiratory droplets.

•Techniques:
These are particularly important when there is a
risk of splashes or when performing aerosol-
generating procedures.
 4. Gowns:
•Types:
Disposable gowns made of fluid-resistant
materials are used.

•Techniques:
Gowns protect clothing from
contamination, and they should be worn
when there is a risk of splashes or contact
with bodily fluids.
 5. Respirators:
•Types:
Powered Air-Purifying Respirators
(PAPRs) are more advanced respirators
used in specific high-risk situations.
•Techniques:
PAPRs are employed when dealing with
highly infectious diseases or in
environments where there is a high
concentration of airborne contaminants.
 6. Shoe Covers:
•Types:
Disposable shoe covers are used to protect
footwear from contamination.

•Techniques:
They are worn when there is a risk of stepping
into potentially contaminated areas.
 7. Caps/Hair Covers:
•Types:
Disposable caps or hair covers are used
to prevent the spread of contaminants
from hair.

•Techniques:
They are worn when a sterile
environment is required or to minimize
the risk of cross-contamination.
 NEED FOR THE STUDY

• The need for doing study on Personal Protective Equipment

among Basic B.Sc. Nursing 1st Semester students is to know
whether they are acquiring adequate knowledge about PPE’s.
There are higher chances of getting hospital acquired infection
so they need to have adequate knowledge related to use of
PPE’s.
• Infection Control: Nurses often work in environments where they
may be exposed to infectious agents, such as bacteria and viruses.
Proper use of PPE, including gloves, masks, gowns, and eye
protection, is crucial to prevent the transmission of infections
between patients and healthcare workers.

• Pandemic Preparedness: Nurses play a vital role in responding to

pandemics and infectious disease outbreaks. Understanding the
appropriate use and availability of PPE during such crises is
essential for protecting healthcare workers and maintaining
healthcare system functionality.
 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAM

In this study, it refers to the systematically planned and formulated
teaching program designed to provide information regarding Personal
Protective Equipment.
Personal Protective Equipment
PPE’s are specialized clothing worn by a health care worker for
protection against infectious materials.

Nursing students
An individual who is enrolled in a professional nursing or
vocational nursing education program. Our research was conducted
on Basic B.sc nursing 1st semester students of Amar professional
college of nursing, Dyalpura, Mohali, Punjab.
 METHODOLOGY
Research Approach
Quantitative Research Approach

Research design
Pre experimental Research Design (One group Pre-Test Post-Test design)

Research Setting
Amar Professional College Of Nursing, Dyalpura, Distt. Mohali, Punjab

Target Population
Students of Basic B.Sc Nursing 1st Semester
 Sample size
30 students

Sampling Technique
Convenience sampling technique

Pre-Test
Structured knowledge questionnaire to asses the knowledge regarding PPE

Intervention
Structured Teaching Program

Post Test
Structured knowledge questionnaire to asses the knowledge regarding PPE

Analysis interpretation
Descriptive & Infrential Statistics)
 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
• This chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of data obtain to
assess the Knowledge regarding Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
used in clinical area among the Basic B.Sc. 1st Semester Nursing Student
of Amar Professional College of Nursing Mohali, Punjab.
• Analysis and interpretation of data was done in accordance with the
objective of the study.
• The data analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Objective

1. To assess the knowledge regarding Personal Protective Equipment used in clinical

area among Basic B.Sc. Nursing 1st Semester students.

2. To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program by comparing pre-test

and post-test regarding Personal Protective Equipment used in clinical area
among Basic B.sc nursing 1st semester students.

3. To find out the association of Post-test score knowledge regarding Personal

protective Equipment used in clinical area among Basic B.Sc. Nursing 1st Semester
students with their selected demographic variables.
MAIN ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
The raw data collected was entered in master sheet and analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive and inferential
statistics.
The data was organized and presented under different sections.
SECTION A
Frequency and percentage distribution of socio demographic variables of Basic B.sc nursing 1 st semester students.
SECTION B
Frequency and percentage distribution of level of knowledge regarding Personal Protective Equipment used in clinical area in
pre-test and post-test among Basic B.Sc nursing 1 st semester students.
SECTION C
Comparison between mean and standard deviation of pre-test and post-test with the level of knowledge regarding Personal
Protective Equipment used in clinical area.
SECTION D
Association between selected demographic variables and level of knowledge regarding Personal Protective Equipment among
Basic B.Sc nursing 1st semester students.
 SECTION A
Frequency and percentage distribution of socio demographic variables of Basic B.sc nursing 1 st semester students.

(N=30)
TABLE 1

DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES f %

1.AGE
a. 17-18 3 9.99%
b. 19-20 21 69.99%
c. 20-21 6 19.99%
2. GENDER
a. Male 9 29.99%
b. Female 21 69.99%

3. EDUCATION
a. Intermediate 20 66.66%
b. Graduation 10 33.33%

4. SOURCE OF
INFORMATION
a. Mass media 16 53.33%

b. Friends 2 6.66%

c. Books 8 26.66%

d. Health personnel 4 13.33%

4.PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE
a. Seminar 4 13.33%
b. Class teaching 22 73.33%
c. Other 9 13.33%

TABLE 1.1
Depicts that among 30 students of Basic B.Sc nursing 1 st semester with level of knowledge regarding
personal protective equipment used in clinical area according to age, (19-20 years) 21 (69.99%) were
having maximum knowledge followed by age (20-21years) 6 (19.99%) were having average knowledge
and remaining (17-18 years) 3 (9.99%) were having minimum knowledge. According to gender, female
21 (69.99%) were having maximum knowledge followed by male 9 (29.99%) were having minimum
knowledge. According to education, intermediate 20 (69.99%) were having maximum knowledge
followed by graduation 10 (33.33%) were having minimum knowledge. According to source of
information, mass media 16 (53.33%) were having maximum knowledge followed by books 8 (26.66%)
were having average knowledge and remaining health personnel 4 (13.33%) and friends 2 (6.66%) were
having minimum knowledge. According to previous knowledge, class teaching 22 (73.33%) were having
maximum knowledge followed by rest seminar 4 (13.33%) and other 9 (13.33%) were having minimum
knowledge.
 Age Gender

10%
20%
30%

70%

70%

17-18 19-20 20-22 Male Female

 Education Previous Knowledge

13% 13%

33%

67%

73%

Intermediate Graduation Seminar Class Teaching Other

 Source of Information

1%

30%

61%
8%

Mass Media Friends Books Health Personnel

 SECTION B
Frequency and percentage distribution of level of knowledge regarding Personal Protective Equipment used in clinical area in pre-test and post-test among
Basic B.Sc nursing 1st semester students.
(N=30)

TABLE 2

PRE-TEST POST-TEST
SCORE SCORE

LEVEL OF f % f %
KNOWLEDGE
GOOD 2 6.66% 16 53.33%
AVERAGE 20 66.66% 14 46.66%
POOR 8 26.66% 0 0%
 Percentage distribution of level of knowledge
Pre-test Post-test

70 66.66

60
53.33
50 46.66

40
Percentage

30 26.66

20

10 6.66

0
0
Good Average Poor

Level of knowledge X
TABLE 2.1

Depicts that among 30 nursing students the level of knowledge regarding

personal protective equipment based on structured teaching program in pre-test
and post-test. In pre-test, 2 (6.66%) were having good knowledge followed by 20
(66.66%) were having average knowledge and 8 (26.66%) were having poor
knowledge. In post-test, 16 (53.33%) were having good knowledge followed by
14 (46.66%) were having average knowledge and remaining were 0 (0) having
poor knowledge.
 SECTION C
Comparison between mean and standard deviation of pre-test and post-test regarding the level of knowledge regarding personal protective equipment used in clinical area.

TABLE 3

LEVEL OF MEAN STANDARD

KNOWLEDGE DEVIATION

PRE-TEST 13 2.19

POST-TEST 20.33 4.98

TABLE 3.1
Depicts that comparison between pre-test mean value was 13 with standard
deviation 2.19 overall post-test mean value was 20.33 with Standard Deviation
4.98.

SECTION D
Association between selected demographic variables and level of knowledge
regarding personal protective equipment used in clinical area among Basic
B.Sc nursing 1st semester students.
 TABLE 4

DEMOGRAPHIC AVERAGE GOOD CHI SQUARE

VARIABLES
f % f %
1. AGE
17-18 years 1 3.33% 2 6.66%
19-20 years 10 33.33% 11 36.66% df = 6

21-22 years 2 6.66% 4 13.33%

2. GENDER
Male 4 13.33% 5 16.66% 0.77
Female 13 43.33% 8 26.66% df = 2
3.EDUCATION
INTERMEDIATE 10 33.33% 5 16.66%
GRADUATION 3 10% 8 26.66% df = 2

4.SOURCE OF
INFORMATION
MASS MEDIA 10 33.33% 6 20%
FRIENDS 1 3.33% 1 3.33% 6.54
BOOKS 2 6.66% 6 20% df =6
HEALTH 0 0% 4 13.33%
PERSONNEL

5.PREVIOUS
KNOWLEDGE
SEMINAR 1 3.33% 3 10%
4.55
CLASS TEACHING 12 40% 10 33.33%
df = 6
OTHER 0 0% 4 13.33%
 Table-4.1

Depicts that there is no association between level of

knowledge regarding personal protective equipment used
in clinical area with selected demographic variables i.e.
age, gender, education, source of knowledge and previous
knowledge.
 MAJOR FINDINGS
The findings of the study have been discussed in accordance with the objectives of the study. This
was pre experimental study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on
knowledge regarding personal protective equipment used in clinical area among Basic B.Sc.
nursing 1st semester students of Amar professional college of nursing, Dyalpura, Mohali, Punjab.
With regards to knowledge, among 30 Basic B.Sc. nursing students in the pre-test 2 (6.66%) were
having good knowledge followed by 20 (66.66%) were having average knowledge and remaining 8
(26.66%) were having poor knowledge whereas in the post-test after imparting structured teaching
program majority 16 (53.33%) were having good knowledge followed by 14 (46.66%) were having
average knowledge and 0 (0%) were having poor knowledge.

The demographic variables are :

Age, Gender, Education, Source of information, Previous knowledge had not shown statistically
significant association with post-test level of knowledge regarding personal protective equipment used
in clinical area.
LIMITATIONS-

1-Study was limited to Basic B.Sc. Nursing 1st semester only.

2-The sample size was only 30
3-This study did not have control group.

CONCLUSION
The findings of the study have been discussed in the accordance with the objective of study. This was a
pre-experimental study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge
regarding personal protective equipment used in clinical area among Basic B.Sc. Nursing 1st Semester
students of Amar Professional College of Nursing, Dyalpura, Distt. Mohali, Punjab.
With regards to knowledge, among 30 Basic B.Sc nursing students in the pre-test 2 (6.66%) were having
good knowledge followed by 20 (66.66%) were having average knowledge and remaining 8 (26.66%) were
having poor knowledge whereas in the post-test after imparting structured teaching program majority
16 (53.33%) were having good knowledge followed by 14 (46.66%) were having average knowledge and
0 (0%) were having poor knowledge.
Implications-
The finding of the study recommended the implication on nursing
practice, nursing education, nursing administration and nursing research.

Nursing practice-
Being the backbone of health team, nurses are a great responsibility in
educating the nursing students for the proper use of personal protective
equipment used in clinical area.
Nursing education-

The study has provided the importance of improving the knowledge of

nursing students regarding formulation of structured teaching program.
The finding will help to understand about the need to be proper
knowledge regarding personal protective equipment. The finding will
help the nursing faculty to give more importance for planning and
organizing structured teaching program to improve the improve the
B.Sc. Nursing students.
Nursing research-

The study finding can be effectively utilized by emerging researches.

The finding of study helps to expand the knowledge upon which further
researches can be conducted. The essence of the research is to build a
body of knowledge in nursing, the finding of the present study serves as
basis for the profession and the student to conduct for the studies the
generalization of the study results can be made by replication of the
study nursing research is the mean in which nursing
profession is growing.
Nursing administration-

Nurse as an administrator has a crucial role in planning the policies of

imparting health information to the nursing students. The nurse
administrator should take active part in the policy making, developing
protocols, standing orders related health education regarding personal
protective equipment. Nursing administrator should take interest in
motivating the nursing personnel and students to use the proper technique
of personal protective equipment in clinical setting.
Limitations-

• Study was limited to Basic B.Sc. Nursing 1st semester only.

• The sample size was only 30.

• This study did not have control group.

Recommendations-
 On the basis of the finding of the present study, the following recommendation have
been made for further study.

 A similar study could be used to test the effectiveness of Personal protective

equipment among hospital staff.

 A comparative study can be done to assess the knowledge among staff nurses and
teachers in nursing institutes.

 The study can be replicated with the nursing students on a large sample to validate
generalize the finding for a larger population.
 SUMMARY

The focus of the study was to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge
regarding Personal Protective Equipment used in clinical area among Basic B.Sc. Nursing 1 st Semester
students of Amar Professional College of Nursing, Dyalpura, Distt. Mohali, Punjab. A quantitative
approach was used in the study using convenience sampling technique. The data was collected with the
help of structured knowledge questionnaire to assess the level of knowledge regarding Personal
Protective Equipment used in clinical area. The sample size was 30 (N=30).The study we conducted
was effective
With regards to. knowledge, among 30 Basic B.Sc nursing students in the pre-test 2 (6.66%) were
having good knowledge followed by 20 (66.66%) were having average knowledge and remaining 8
(26.66%) were having poor knowledge whereas in the post-test after imparting structured teaching
program majority 16 (53.33%) were having good knowledge followed by 14 (46.66%) were having
average knowledge and 0 (0%) were having poor knowledge.
 TOOLS FOR THE STUDY
SECTION-A
(DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES)
Demographic data
1. AGE
a. 17-18
b. 19-20
c. 21-22
d. above 22 year
2. GENDER
a. Male
b. Female
3.EDUCATION
a. Intermediate
b. Graduation
4. SOURCE OF INFORMATION
a. Mass media
b. Friends
c. Books
d. Health personnel

5. PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE ABOUT PPE

a. Seminar
b. Class teaching
c. Clinical experience
d. Other
Question related to personal protective equipment

•Assessment of knowledge regarding PPE's.

Q1. What does PPE stand for?
a. Personal protective essentials
b. Personal protective equipment
c. Protection of personal entities
d. Personal protective examples

Q2 Which of the following PPE includes?

a. Gloves
b. Gown
c. Mask
d. All of the above
Q3. Which type of PPE is most opted for health care provider to
wear if patient is suffering from tuberculosis?
a. Eye shield
b. A surgical mask
c. A respirator
d. Both surgical mask & respirator

Q4. What are the components typically included in Personal

Protective Equipment (PPE) for routine practice?
a. Safety glasses, long sleeved gown, gloves, mask
b. Safety glasses, short sleeved gown, gloves, mask
c. Prescription glasses, long sleeved gown, gloves, mask
d. All of the above
Q5. What should you do before using PPE?

a. Check PPE for signs of wear and tear

b. Ensure it's order of use
c. Ensure you have received training on how to use PPE correctly
d. All of the above

Q6. Which of the following examples are NOT included in PPE?

a. Gloves and face masks

b. Goggles
c. Stethoscope
d. Gowns
Q7. What is the purpose of PPE?

a. To protect equipment from being compromised

b. To protect patient from spread of infection
c. To protect health care provider from acquiring of infection
d. To protect both health care provider & patient from being infected

Q8. Which PPE should be used when there is risk of splashing injury?

a. Gloves
b. Gloves & apron of PPE
c. Gloves, apron & face mask
d. Gloves, apron, face mask & eye shield
09. When should health care worker wear a gown?

a. While performing surgery only

b. While administrating medication
c. While dressing
d. While exposure to body fluids

Q10. Who make's choice to wear PPE when required?

a. Patients
b. Visitors
c. Hospital Staff
d. Janitorial staff
Q11. Who is responsible to provide needed PPE's?

a. The employee themselves

b. The employer
c. The government
d. Non-profit organizations

Q12. Which of the following are hand protective equipment?

a. Gloves
b. Armlets
c. Wrist cuff
d. All of the above
Q13 How should management react towards non-compliant
behavior on PPE?

a. Training on PPE's
b. Issue appropriate equipment of PPE
c. Conduct competition or other incentives.
d. All of the above

Q14. Which Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is mostly used

for a patient in a hospital setting?

a. Surgical mask
b. Sterile gloves
c. An eye shield
d. Non-sterile disposable gloves
Q15. Are latex gloves or non-sterile gloves re-useable?

a. May be reused only if they have not been permeated

b. May be reused as long as they are clean
c. Should never be reused
d. Both a & b

Q16. Which is most effective method of preventing infection?

a. Avoid sick people

b. Proper hand washing
c. Use of PPE
d. Both b & c
Q17. In which of the following situations, is it unnecessary to
wear clean non sterile gloves?

a. Handling contaminated surfaces

b. Assisting in a surgical procedure
c. Changing a dressing on a clean wound
d. Providing first aid for a minor cut

Q18. At which distance the surgical mask should wear to

prevent droplet infection?
a. 1 meter
b. 3 meter
c. 5 meter
d. 10 meter
Q19. When should gloves be removed?

a. After use
b. Before going to another patient
c. Before touching non contaminated item
d. All of the above

Q20. Which one of the following PPE is useful in protecting health care workers during the medical
treatment of a patient with mycoplasma pneumonia undergoing nasotracheal suction?

a. Safety goggles
b. Surgical mask
c. Latex gloves
d. N95 respirator
Q21. Which is the correct order for removing Personal Protective Equipment PPE after
caring for a patient with an infectious disease?

a. Remove gloves, goggles, face shields, gown, mask

b. Remove mask, gown, gloves, goggles, face shield
c. Remove gown, mask, gloves, goggles, face shield
d. Remove gloves, gown, mask, goggles, face shield

Q22. Which PPE is essential to protect against exposure to infectious droplets during
procedure like intubation or suctioning?

a. N95 respirator
b. Face shield
c. Goggles
d. Gloves
Q23. Which practice must be implemented to prevent any injury or hazard?

a. Regular monitoring
b. Procedure that ensure proper disposal of waste
c. Implementing correct technique
d. All of the above

Q24. Which one of the following are the five main areas of personal protection needed
& revised by PPE standard (1994)?

a. Head, Hands, Feet, Eyes and Face

b. Head, Chest, Legs, Arms and Back
c. Head, Eyes, Ears, Lung and Skin
d. Head, Neck, Shoulders, Hips and Ankles
Q25. Which area of PPE are considered clean versus contaminated while removing PPE,
select the areas that are considered clean vs contaminated while removing PPE?

a. Ties on gown
b. Outside of mask
c. Back of gown
d. Inside the gloves

Q26. Which practice is important to reduce the transmission of the infectious agents?

a. Sharing personal items with others

b. Avoiding vaccination
c. Proper handwashing
d. Ignoring symptoms of illness
Q27. Which hazard occurs most frequently posses the necessity of donning PPE?

a. Radiological hazard
b. Chemical hazard
c. Mechanical hazard
d. All of the above

Q28. Which is an important element of a PPE program to provide information needed

to select appropriate PPE for any hazard?

a. Observation
b. Feedback technique
c. In-service program
d. All of the above
Q29. When is a reassessment of workplace hazard needed?

a. When new equipment is introduced

b. Reviewing appropriateness of previously selected PPE
c. Upward trend in accident statistics
d. All of the above

Q30. What should you do if you find Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to be too uncomfortable?

a. Ignore the discomfort and continue using it as it is

b. Remove the PPE completely
c. Adjust the PPE for a better fit if possible
d. Wear additional layers of clothing under the PPE
THANK YOU