Objectives 2

Prevent injuries and save lives

Reduce vehicle collisions
Reduce absenteeism
Reduce property damage
Enhance life long safe driving habits
Reduce traffic violations & penalties
 VEHICLE ACCIDENT ANALYSIS 3

Typical causes of accident:

1. High speed;
2. Under effect of drugs and alcohol;
3. Insufficient space to brake between two cars on the
same carriageway;
4. Driving in adverse weather condition;
5. Inattention of individual driver while driving;
6. Etc…
 Outline 4

Traffic Safety
Traffic accidents analysis
How safe are our roads?
Driving injuries-on or off the job
Unsafe acts behind the wheel
“Road rage”
Unsafe conditions
Vehicle safety features
 Unsafe conditions 5

Poor visibility Improper vehicle

Night time driving. maintenance
Dust storms Inadequate brakes
Rain Worn tread on tires
Windshield wipers not Hoses, belts
effective Inadequate acceleration
Poor Road conditions Headlight(s) out
Slippery surfaces from Other?
weather
Road not properly
maintained
 Vehicle safety features 6

Poor visibility sensor &

switch
Lap/shoulder safety belts
Reduce risk of moderate-
to-fatal injuries by
approximately 50%.
Air bags for driver &
passenger
Side impact airbags
Child safety seats
Anti-lock brakes
Safety features built into
the vehicle framework
Other?
 7

Aggressive driving only leads to more

aggressive driving.

The more courtesy a driver gives to

others, the more they get back.
 “Road rage” 8

Induced by:
Feeling endangered by someone else’s driving
(another driver cuts you off or tailgates you).
Resentment at being forced to slow down
Driving by someone who breaks traffic rules
Anger at someone taking out their road rage on
you

Therapy for road

rage:

Take a deep breath

and just let it go!
9
 Unsafe acts behind the wheel 10

Eating, Talking on cell Driving at an unsafe

phone speed
Putting on make-up or Failing to stop or yield
Shaving, Unsafe passing of
Reading a map another vehicle
Reaching behind you to Tailgating
spank kids Not using blinkers
Not using a seatbelt Others?
Driving under the
influence
 Unsafe acts behind the wheel 11

Due to inadequate sleep

Health Problem and medication
Fatigue and mental stress
Stressful road condition
Shift work & Extended duty
Bored due to Long distance straight road and
without any activity
 Tips for Safe Driving 12

Vehicle Check :
Ensure that your vehicle is in sound condition
Check for Fuel, Oil, Water / coolant, and tyres
Adjust seat, Music system, AC, Mirrors prior to
commencing the driving.
 Tips for Safe Driving 13

Speed:
Remember… Speed thrills
But Kills
Respect the speed limits
Never over speed
 Tips for Safe Driving 14

Steering :
Keep both hands on steering unless necessary
Drive smoothly and Change the lanes, exit main
roads and crossings carefully

Always wear seat belt and insist the same to the

accompanying members.
 Tips for Safe Driving 15

Overtaking:
Do not overtake at or while approaching a
junction
Do not overtake where you can not see far
ahead to assure safe passage
Never overtake to conflict with others
 Tips for Safe Driving 16

Safe Distance:
Maintain a safe distance around your vehicle
Avoid tailgaters and let them pass.

Vision:
Look ahead and scan the road to get the big
picture
Frequently view in the mirrors and avoid blind
spots
Do not fix your vision on any object
 Tips for Safe Driving 17

Reversing:
Scan the area and check the mirror before
reversing
Make a reverse move at a minimum speed
Travel reverse to a distance sufficient to
maneuver
 Tips for Safe Driving 18

Stopping:
Stop completely at stop sign
Switch Hazard light if you need to stop due to
failure in the vehicle
Stop at pedestrian crossing and give right of way
 Agenda 19

Introduction

The most common driving errors (Activity)

Driver’s condition and conditions that drive us
Collision prevention formula & following distance
Intersection and passing
Head on collision prevention
Occupant protection systems
Parking safely
Vehicle condition & inspection points
Presentation by participants (Evaluation)
Training evaluation & feedback
 Preventable Collision 20

A preventable collision is one in which a driver

fails to do everything reasonable to avoid it
 Safe & Responsible Driving 21

Safe & responsible driver;

Knowledge, skill and attitude
Traffic laws and driving practices
Courteous to others
Visibility
Space
Communicate
 Most Common Driver’s Errors 22

Speeding
Right-of-way violations
Turning improperly
Driving left of corner
Passing or overtaking improperly
Following too closely
 Driver’s Condition 23

Mental conditions
Anger
Stress

 Physical conditions
 Age
 Mobility
 Fatigue
 Illness / medication
 Hearing
 Vision
 Collision Prevention Formula 24

Recognize the hazard

Scan road
Check your mirrors (3-5 seconds)
Click here
Understand the difference
Know what to do
Use “what-if” strategy
Act correctly in time
Do the right thing
Avoid the hazard in time
 OLD POSITION OF SIDE MIRRORS 25

YOUR REAR-VIEW MIRROR (Front Windshield) IS NOT ENOUGH

It only shows
What can be
the traffic
seen with only
behind you
the rear-view
mirror

BLI
ND
A R EA VIEW AREA A REA
D
BLIN
BUT
You can’t see the vehicles at your right
and left unless they are very close
 NORMAL POSITION OF SIDE MIRRORS 26

(YOU SEE THE SIDE OF YOUR

VEHICLE)

Use of rear- Blind areas are

view and side smaller
mirrors

BL
I ND VIEW R EA
AR A
EA AREA
I ND
BL

AND other vehicles remain visible for a

longer time
 NEW POSITION OF SIDE MIRRORS 27

(YOU OBSERVE THE ROAD, NOT THE SIDE OF YOUR CAR)

Keep side mirrors

(at nearly 90 This way you will
degrees) – see the only have 4 small
road not the side blind areas
of your vehicle L
B
I B
N VIEW AREA B
L
D B L
I
N L I
A I N
R D D
E N
A A D
A
R R
E A E
A R A
New View E
Area A
New View
Area
You will see other vehicles much faster and for
Click here to
longer periods go back
 A safer solution 28

An auxiliary mirror can be

mounted on top of your
ordinary side mirrors (see
pictures). It provides a
secondary angle that can be
individually adjusted from
conventional side mirrors. The
auxilliary mirror assures you
safer travel.
You can see much better as
all blind spots are eliminated.
 Following Distance 29

Why drivers follow too closely?

Stopping distance
Perception time + Reaction time + Stopping distance

Why to know stopping distances

Two seconds plus rule
 Following Distance 30

If you are driving at If you are driving at If you are driving at If you are driving at
40km/h, you must stay 50km/h, you must stay 60km/h, you must stay 70km/h, you must stay
16 metres behind the 20 metres behind the 24 metres behind the 28 metres or more
other vehicle. other vehicle. other vehicle. behind the other vehicle.

Because it is difficult to gauge following distances in metres, a good way to

make sure you always keep a safe following distance is to use the ‘2-
second rule' shown on next slide.
 Following Distance 31

To give yourself a two-second space, follow these steps:

Pick a marker on the road ahead, such as a road sign or telephone
pole.
When the rear of the vehicle ahead passes the marker, count "one
thousand and one, one thousand and two".
When the front of your vehicle reaches the marker, stop counting. If
you reach the marker before you count "one thousand and two," you
are following too closely.
 Intersection & Passing 32

Avoid collision at intersections

Delayed acceleration
Rule of thirds
Passing
Proper following distance
Move left into the passing lane
Complete the pass
 Head on Collision Prevention 33

Observe the 4 R’s

Read the road ahead
Drive to the right
Reduce speed
Ride off the road
Split second decisions
Drive right not left
Drive, do not skid off the road
Hit something soft, not hard
Hit with a glancing blow
 Occupant Protection Systems 34

Safety belts
Air bags
Child safety seats
Head restraints
Door locks
 The Conditions That Drive Us 35

Road conditions
Traffic conditions
Light conditions
Weather conditions
Pedestrians
Traffic mix
Slow moving vehicles
School buses
Emergency vehicles
Larger vehicles
 Parking Safely 36

Park in center of parking space

Park with your vehicle wheels straight
Off-street parking better than curb parking
Avoid parking next to banged vehicle
 Vehicle Condition & Inspection Points 37

Outside the vehicle

Tires, mirrors, under the vehicle
Taillight, turn signals,
Lights - brake, parking, headlight

 Inside the vehicle

 Door locks
 Seat adjustment and head restraint
 seat belt and mirrors adjustments
 Start engine
 Scan gauges
 A/C or heater, vents/windows
 Mentally and physically ready to drive
 Tips To Reduce Driver Distraction 38

Plan your route in advance

Preset controls – A/C, radio, player
Cell phone – pullover, voice mail
Reading material in trunk
Avoid stress and emotional conversations
Take a break when hungry
 39

Safety tips
 Driving is not a win or lose situation. The only winners
are those drivers who reach their destination safely;
allow other vehicles to pass and make room ahead of
your vehicle.
 Aggressive driving only leads to more aggressive
driving. In general, the more courtesy a driver gives to
others, the more they get back.
 Time spent in a car is not time wasted. Driving doesn't
have to be a nervous, anxious experience focused on
hurrying to a destination. Let it be personal time spent
in a personal space.
 40

 Listen to music, or think about something pleasant. Make

the space inside the vehicle comfortable.
 Drive in the appropriate lane and allow enough distance
between your vehicle and the one ahead of you.
 Don't worry about the behavior of other drivers; concentrate
on driving safely.
 Plan your trips with enough time so that you don't feel
rushed. Let the trip be relaxing.
 Don't drive when angry, upset, or overly tired.
 Personalize other drivers.
 Remember that every driver is someone's family member or
friend