Table of Contents

• Title: Chapter 2 - Mapping our World

– Page #: 17
– Date: 9/19/2012
 Objectective
• Students will be able to locate lines
of latitude on a map.
• Students will be able to explain how
lines of latitude are derived.
• Students will be able to convert
degrees, minutes and seconds into
kilometers.
 Words of the Day
• Angle - A measure of rotation
expressed in degrees, minutes and
seconds.
• Degree (º)- A measure of rotation.
There are 360º in a circle.
• Minute (’) - One sixtieth of a degree.
• Second (”) - One sixtieth of a
minute.
Chapter 2 - Mapping Our World
2.1 Latitude and Longitude

**Lines of Latitude and Longitude are used to

locate places on Earth.**

Latitude
•Map - A flat model of the earth.

•Cartography - Science of making maps.

Cartographers use a grid of parallel lines to
locate exact point on Earth (coordinates.)
Chapter 2 - Mapping Our World
2.1 Latitude and Longitude
• Equator - Horizontal line that separates the earth
in half.
•Latitude - Lines that are parallel to the equator.
(“Flatitude”)
•Measures distance in degrees away from the
equator which is at 0º Latitude.
•North Pole = 90º North Latitude (above the
equator.)
•South Pole = 90º South Latitude (below the
equator.)
Chapter 2 - Mapping Our World
2.1 Latitude and Longitude

90º North Latitude

Northern Hemisphere

Equator (0º Latitude)

Southern Hemisphere

90º South Latitude

Chapter 2 - Mapping Our World
2.1 Latitude and Longitude
Where do degrees of Latitude come from?
•Earth is a sphere. The equator is the X-axis.

45º North Latitude

+ 45º angle
O
- 45º angle

45º South Latitude

•Put sphere on an axis and measure the angle

in degrees away from the origin O.
Chapter 2 - Mapping Our World
2.1 Latitude and Longitude

• Degrees are divided into smaller units called

“minutes.” ( ’ ) Minutes are divided into smaller
units called “seconds.” ( ” )

•Earth’s circumference = 40,000km.

•1 Degree = 40,000km / 360º = 111km.
•1 Minute = 1 degree / 60 = 111km / 60 = 1.85km.
•1 Second = 1 minute / 60 = 1.85km / 60 =
0.031km.
 Classwork
• Read Daring Travelers complete
questions.
 Word of the Day
• Nautical Mile: One minute of arc
length of latitude or longitude at the
equator, or 1852m.
Chapter 2 - Mapping Our World
2.1 Latitude and Longitude
**Lines of Latitude and Longitude are used
to locate places on Earth.**

Longitude - The distance east or west of the

Prime Meridian:
The prime meridian = 0º Longitude. It is
a vertical line that runs through the Royal
Naval Observatory in Greenwich, England.
Longitude

•Lines of
Longitude are not
parallel.

•They are
semicircles from
the North Pole to
the South Pole.

•Degrees
Longitude are
measured East
and West of the
Prime Meridian.
Degrees of Longitude

•Degrees are measurements of distances

between lines of longitude.
•Distance change based on corresponding
Latitude.

•1 Degree longitude at equator = 111km.

•1 Degree longitude at poles = 0km

•Longitude is also divided into Minutes ( ’ )

and Seconds ( ” ).
 Coordinates:

•To locate an exact

location you need
both degrees Latitude
and degrees
Longitude.

•A coordinate set: QuickTime™ and a

TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
(Latitude, Longitude)

•In the picture,

Charlotte is located at
(35º14’N,80º50’W)
Time Zones:

•Objective: Students will be able to add and subtract time.

•Students will be able to convert local time to Greenwich
Mean Time.
Time Zones:

•Because there are 24 hours in a day, there are 24 time

zones.
•Each time zone is 15º Longitude wide.
•In the U.S. we have 6 time zones.

QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
•The International Date Line is the transition line for calendar
days.
•It is 180º opposite of the Prime Meridian.
•If you cross it going west, you advance a day.
•If you cross it going east, you go back a day.

QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.