Jenis Keadaan Darurat di

Tempat Kerja
Introduction
Emergencies and disasters can strike anywhere and at any time bringing
workplace injuries and illnesses with them.
Employers and workers may be required to deal with an emergency when it is
least expected and proper planning before an emergency is necessary to
respond effectively.
What is a workplace emergency?
A workplace emergency is a situation that threatens workers, customers, or
the public; disrupts or shuts down operations; or causes physical or
environmental damage.
 Types Of Emergencies
Emergencies may be natural or man-made, and may include hurricanes,
tornadoes, earthquakes, floods, wildfires, winter weather, chemical spills
or releases, disease outbreaks, releases of biological agents, explosions
involving nuclear or radiological sources, and many other hazards.
Many types of emergencies can be anticipated in the planning process, which
can help employers and workers plan for other unpredictable situations.
Jenis-Jenis Situasi Darurat
Pada umumnya, situasi darurat terbagi 3, yaitu :
1. Natural Hazard (bencana alamiah), situasi ini terjadi karena adanya keadaan
alamyang kurang baik atau sering terjadi karena bencana alam. Contoh :
Banjir
Kekeringan
Angin topan
Gempa
Petir
Jenis-Jenis Situasi Darurat
2. Technological Hazard (Kegagalan Teknis)
Pemadaman listrik
Peristiwa kebakaran/ledakan
Kecelakaan kerja/lalu lintas
3. Huru Hara
Perang
Kerusuhan
 Prosedur Darurat
1. Prosedur Intern (Lokal )

Prosedur intern ini merupakan pedoman pelaksanaan untuk masing-masing bagian atau departemen,
dengan pengertian keadaan darurat yang telah terjadi masih dapat diatasi oleh bagian-bagian yang
bersangkutan, tanpa melibatkan bagian-bagian yang lain.

2. Prosedur Umum (Utama)

Merupakan pedoman perusahaan secara keseluruhan dan telah menyangkut keadaan darurat yang cukup
besar atau paling tidak dapat membahayakan bagian-bagian lain atau daerah sekitarnya. Prosedur darurat
banyak diterapkan sesuai dengan bidang dimana keadaan darurat itu terjadi, setiap bidang atau lingkungan
kerja memiliki prosedur darurat yang berbeda satu dengan yang lainnya. Sebagai contoh, dibawah ini akan
dijelaskan prosedur darurat dalam keadaan darurat kebakaran bagi seluruh penghuni dan karyawan gedung.
4 - Elemen Penting

1.Kesiapan tanggap darurat (emergency plan) harus berdasarkan analisa risiko yang berdampak pada
kelangsungan usaha.

2.Peralatan, fasilitas, tenaga terampil harus terindentitas, teruji dan tersedia secara memadai.

3.Semua orang (karyawan, tamu, tetangga) mengerti tentang kesiapan tanggap darurat perusahaan.

4.Periodik latihan dilaksanakan dan selalu membuat perubahan perbaikan (continual improvement)
Kesiapan dan Tanggap Darurat

•Mencegah timbulnya sumber bahaya

•Mencegah membesarnya menjalarnya bahaya

•Memberikan jalan keluar/ perlindungan terhadap manusia.

Kebakaran
Fire is a chemical reaction that requires three elements to be present for the reaction to take place and
continue.

The three elements are:

 Heat, or an ignition source

 Fuel

 Oxygen
These three elements typically are referred to as the “fire triangle.”

Fire is the result of the reaction between the fuel and oxygen in the air. Scientists developed the
concept of a fire triangle to aid in understanding of the cause of fires and how they can be prevented
and extinguished.

Heat, fuel and oxygen must combine in a precise way for a fire to start and continue to burn. If one
element of the fire triangle is not present or removed, fire will not start or, if already burning, will
extinguish.
Fire Classifications
Types Of
Extinguishers
Fire Extinguishers
 In buildings, all fire extinguishers will be mounted on a wall and properly marked.

 All vehicles will carry at least one ABC-rated extinguisher.

 When at a job site, all employees will know the location of each fire extinguisher.

 Before using an extinguisher, all employees will be trained and familiar with the PASS method of
firefighting.

 Each fire extinguisher will be inspected monthly to make sure it is in its designated location and has
not been tampered with or actuated.

 Each fire extinguisher will be clearly visible with nothing obstructing or obscuring it from view
Petunjuk Kebakaran
1.Pergi ke panel hydrant terdekat dan pecahkan kaca bertanda "Break Glass Here."

2.Beri tahu pihak keamanan dan informasikan lokasi kebakaran.

3.Berusaha memadamkan api menggunakan APAR. (Catatan: selang kebakaran hanya boleh digunakan
oleh pihak pemadam kebakaran).

4.Jika tidak dapat dipadamkan, tutup semua pintu menuju ke lokasi kebakaran, beri tahu situasinya
kepada pihak keamanan dan mulai prosedur evakuasi.

5.Jangan menggunakan lift dan jelaskan situasinya bila petugas pemadam kebakaran tiba.
Petunjuk Kebakaran
Jika mendengar tanda alarm terus menerus

1.Tetaplah tenang.

2.Amankan semua dokumen-dokumen penting.

3.Matikan dan lepaskan semua peralatan listrik.

4.Dengarkan baik-baik pengumuman yang disampaikan facility management melalui pengeras suara
dan ikuti petunjuk yang diberikan oleh floor warden.

5.Jika kebakaran tidak dapat dikuasai, tutup semua pintu ruang yang terbakar dan segera tinggalkan
tempat tersebut melalui tangga darurat terdekat. Jangan menggunakan lift.
Contoh Prosedur Penanggulangan
Kebakaran
https://e-ppid.bpbatam.go.id/informasi-publik/informasi-yang-wajib-disediakan-dan-diumumkan-
secara-berkala/prosedur-peringatan-dini-dan-evakuasi-keadaan-darurat-di-kantor-bp-batam/
Banjir
Flooding is a temporary overflow of water onto land that is normally dry. Floods are the most common
disaster in the United States. Failing to evacuate flooded areas or entering flood waters can lead
to injury or death.

Floods may:
•Result from rain, snow, coastal storms, storm surges and overflows of dams and other water systems.

•Develop slowly or quickly. Flash floods can come with no warning.

•Cause outages, disrupt transportation, damage buildings and create landslides.

Procedure for Other Situations
https://www.ready.gov/floods
Gempa Bumi

3. Hold On
If you are under a table or desk, hold on with one hand and be
ready to move with it if it moves. If seated and unable to drop to
the floor, bend forward, cover your head with your arms and
hold on to your neck with both hands.
1. Drop (or Lock)
Wherever you are, drop down to your hands and
knees and hold onto something sturdy. If you’re
using a wheelchair or walker with a seat, make
sure your wheels are locked and remain seated
until the shaking stops.
2. Cover
Cover your head and neck with your arms. If a
sturdy table or desk is nearby, crawl underneath it for
shelter. If no shelter is nearby, crawl next to an
interior wall (away from windows). Crawl only if
you can reach better cover without going through an
area with more debris. Stay on your knees or bent
over to protect vital organs.
Video
Wild fire = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9KSFRq4rXA

Flooding = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LmCnXWN0Dwc

Earthquake = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MKILThtPxQs
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