FADEC

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 COMMON QUESTIONS

• WHAT ALL DOES FADEC CONTROLS?

• WHY DO WE PUT BOTH FADEC ON SIMULTANEOUSLY?

• WHAT IF WE PUT ENGINE TO IDLE WHILE FADEC OFF?

• WHAT IF WE PUT FADEC OFF DURING FLIGHT?

• HOW DOES FADEC FAILS?

• WHAT IF ONE FADEC FAILS DURING FLIGHT?

• WHAT IF ONE FADEC CAN’T COMMUNICATE WITH IADS?

• WHY IS CHANNEL SELECTION SWITCH PUT TO “A” IN PRESTART CHECKS?

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 PREVIEW

• INTRO

• FADEC INTERFACE

• DUAL CHANNEL ARCHITECTURE

• MAIN FUNCTIONS

• ADDL FEATURES

• EMERGENCIES

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 INTRO

• ENG CONTROL SYS

• FADEC : FULL AUTHORITY DIGITAL ENGINE CONTROL
• ALSO KNOWN AS DIGITAL ENGINE CONTROL UNIT (DECU)
• FUNCTION : TO ENABLE THE ENG TO CATER TO VARYING POWER REQMTS, KEEPING NR
CONSTANT

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INTRO

Dual channel eng During start, NG > 69%

alternator

During stop, NG = 60%

Ac power supply Fully stopped

During start, NG = 69%

During stop, NG < 60%

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FADEC INTERFACE

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INPUTS

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OUTPUT

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 DUAL CHANNEL ARCHITECTURE
• DUAL CHANNEL – TWO INDEPENDENT CHANNELS
• INDEPENDENTLY CONTROLS THE ENG
• INDEPENDENT POWER SUPPLY
• CHANNEL IN CONTROL – CONTROLS THE FUEL FLOW (OTHER IN
WAIT MODE)
• REDUNDANT CHANNEL
• REDUNDANT ELECTRICAL SUPPLY

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DUAL CHANNEL ARCHITECTURE

• COMPRESSOR DELIVERY PR (P3)

• TORQUE (Q)
• FUEL PR
• OIL PR
• OIL TEMP
• AMBIENT PR (P0)
• AIR INLET TEMP (T1)
• TURBINE GAS TEMP (T4.5)
• COLL PITCH

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DUAL CHANNEL ARCHITECTURE

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MAIN FUNCTIONS

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 MAIN FUNCTIONS

Auto Eng Starting

FADEC Starting Sequence Cranking
Ignition control
Fuel supply

Fuel flow demand Starting

Idle mode
Transition from Idle to Flt mode

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 MAIN FUNCTIONS

Speed Control during Normal ops

• FADEC maintains NF as close to NR ref value

• NR ref value set by NR SET switch

• SET posn – 96 to 104% in CDU (Default – 100%)
• 102%

• FADEC controls NF – ‘Proportional Integral mode’

• Calculates NG datum - Actual NF
• Modifies NG datum - Coll Pitch feedback by anticipator
• Further modifies NG datum - Equal load sharing via cross talk
• Final NG datum compared with Actual NG

• Addl, Controls NG variation and fuel flow to prevent surge and flameout
during transients
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 MAIN FUNCTIONS

Eng Protection
• FADEC controls fuel flow – NG, Q or TGT within limit as per selected
ratings
• Selectable Limits
Selectable limits

AEO ICR

OEI MCR

SCR

• Corresponding to each limit

• Max NG - fn of P0 and T1
• Max TGT- - to protect eng
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• Max Q - to protect MGB
 MAIN FUNCTIONS

• AEO
 BOTH ENG OPERATIVE
 FUEL LIMITER SET TO SLIGHTLY HIGHER VALUE THAN TOP – FOR SMOOTH OP DURING MINOR
EXCURSIONS

• OEI
 DETECTS OEI CONDITIONS VIA CROSS TALKS
 FLAME OUT
 PARTIAL LOSS OF POWER
 GOVERNOR FAILURE
 IDLE OR STOP
 LIVE ENG LIMIT – SCR
 MANUAL SELECT LOWER LIMITS – ICR OR MCR TO PREVENT INADVERTENT USAGE OF SCR OR MCR
 IF NR DROPS < 92%, SCR AUTO SELECTED

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 MAIN FUNCTIONS

OVER SPEED PROTECTION

• FOR NF & NG

• TWO SENSORS FOR EACH TURBINE

• SHUTDOWN VIA STOP ELECTRO VALVE

• OVER SPEED THRESHOLD

• NG – 117.5% + 1%

• NF – 108.5% + 1%

• CROSS INHIBITION

• OVER SPEED TEST : THROUGH CDU

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 MAIN FUNCTION

APU mode
• ALLOWS ENG-1 TO BE RUN AS AUXILIARY POWER UNIT TO DRIVE ACCESSORIES
• ACTIVATES ELECTRIC CLUTCH - DRIVE TO ROTORS IS DEACTIVATED
• ACHIEVES THROUGH FLT DR/ ACCR DR SWITCH

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 OEI TRAIN MODE
OEI TRAIN Mode
• IN-FLT OEI TRAINING INCLUDING LANDINGS
• TRAIN MODE SELECTION
• BOTH ENG REDUCES POWER INITIALLY TO SIMULATE
ENG FAILURE
• ACTUAL POWER INCREASES THEREAFTER
• BOTH ENG SHARES THE POWER REQMT BY GIVING
HALF THE POWER REQD
• ∆Q AND ∆N DISPLAYED TO SIMULATE OEI CONDITIONS
• Q, TGT, NG, NF INDICATED AS ACTUALS
• OEI POWER RATINGS AND BLEED AIR SHUT OFF
FUNCTIONS AVBL AS OF REAL ENG FAILURE

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 MAIN FUNCTIONS
Indication and Monitoring
• ENG PARAMETER
Q
 TGT
 ∆NG
 NG
 NF
 EOT
 EOP
• CYCLES COUNTERS
 NG CYCLES
 NF CYCLES
 CREEP DAMAGE COUNTERS
• RUN DOWN TIME (RDT)
• FAILURE INDICATION AND CRITICAL WARNINGS

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 ADDL FEATURE

CROSS TALK
• TWO FADEC EXCH DATA VIA CROSS LINK
• EACH CHANNEL COMMUNICATES WITH CORRESPONDING CHANNEL OF OTHER FADEC
• DATA EXCH SUCH AS
Q
 NG
 NF
 EOT
 EOP
 CRITICAL FAILURES LIKE GOV, FADEC DGRAD ETC

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 ADDLN FEATURES
AUTO POWER CHECK
• INITIATION OF POWER CHECK THROUGH CDU
• PERFORMS POWER CHECK AND PROVIDES RESULTS THROUGH IADS
NR TRIM FUNCTION
• NR REF VALUE SET BY NR SET SWITCH
 SET POSN – 96 TO 104% IN CDU (DEFAULT – 100%)
 102%
P3 AIR BLEED SHUT OFF
• COMDS SHUT OFF OF P3 BLEED AIR VALVE DURING
 ENG STARTING
 POWER CHECK
 ENG POWER ABOVE ICR LIMIT IN OEI CONDITIONS
Data Link
• DIGITAL DATA LINK BETWEEN FADEC AND IADS FOR EXCH OF DATA

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 ADDLN FEATURES
POWER LOSS DETECTION
• NG diff > 7%
• Q diff > 45%
• NF diff > 5%
• Cross Talk failure
• Level 3 failure – GOV of one of the FADEC
• FADEC auto selects SCR limit of healthy eng

ENG MATCHING
• Auto matches NG or Q in twin eng op
• Achieved through cross talk
• Selection via NG/TQ matching switch
• Principle:
• NG Matching - eng with lower NG increases its NG to match other
• Q Matching - eng with lower Q increases its Q to match other 24
SCHEMATIC: FADEC - IADS

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 EMERGENCIES
• There are three levels of indication
• Level 3 failure
• Indicated as GOV 1 or GOV 2 in the cockpit
• Fuel metering likely to be frozen

• Level 2 failure
• Indicated as FADEC 1 DGRAD or FADEC 2 DGRAD in the cockpit.
• Degradation of function, But essential functions are not affected

• Level 1 failure
• Indicated as FADEC1 REDUND FAIL or FADEC 2 REDUND FAIL in the cockpit in IDLE state or STOP state
of the eng
• No effect on engine control
• Over speed shutdown
• Over speed Monitor System Failure

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EMERGENCIES

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 EMERGENCIES
FADEC Degrade Failures & Implications
(Critical Cases Highlighted)
SCHEMATIC PAGE DESCRIPTION OF ACTION
DISPLAY FAILURE

FADEC 1/2 HOT MAX FADEC - If warning continues, then :

internal temp. reached - Shut down affected engine
120° C. - Land: ASA practicable in OEI

ENG 1/2 FUEL PR LOW Engine 1/2 fuel pressure FADEC DEGRAD caption will accompany this
low failure. Actions as per Engine Fuel Pressure
Low

ENG 1/2 P3 DRIFT Compressor delivery - Return to base

pressure sensor for ENG - Avoid harsh maneuvers.
1/2 - Avoid rapid collective increase.
CAUTION: Temporary Power Loss of the
affected engine may occur

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LEVEL 3 FAILURE

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LEVEL 2 FAILURE

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LEVEL 2 FAILURE

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LEVEL 1 FAILURE

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LEVEL 1 FAILURE

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 COMMON QUESTIONS

• WHAT ALL DOES FADAC CONTROLS?

• WHY DO WE PUT BOTH FADEC ON SIMULTANEOUSLY?

• WHAT IF WE PUT ENGINE TO IDLE WHILE FADEC OFF?

• WHAT IF WE PUT FADEC OFF DURING FLIGHT?

• HOW DOES FADEC FAILS?

• WHAT IF ONE FADEC FAILS DURING FLIGHT?

• WHAT IF ONE FADEC CAN’T COMMUNICATE WITH IADS?

• WHY IS CHANNEL SELECTION SWITCH GIVEN?

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JAI HIND

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