It is obvious

and apparent;
directly stated
 These are
statements
that assert
something to
be true
 -not expressed
clearly; only
suggested;
indirectly stated
 Identify the EXPLICIT information.
Joseph held his father’s
hand as he crossed the busy
parking lot. They walked into a
grocery store. Joseph’s dad lifted him
into the seat of the shopping cart.
“Here,” said dad, “You can hold my
shopping list.”
A. Joseph went to the grocery store.
B. Joseph’s dad does not shop often.
C. Joseph’s dad needs help with the
shopping.
D. Joseph held his father's hand as he
crossed the busy parking lot.
D. Joseph held his father's hand as he
crossed the busy parking lot.
 Identify the IMPLICIT information.
Joseph held his father’s
hand as he crossed the busy
parking lot. They walked into a
grocery store. Joseph’s dad lifted him
into the seat of the shopping cart.
“Here,” said dad, “You can hold my
shopping list.”
A. Joseph went to the grocery store.
B. Joseph’s dad does not shop often.
C. Joseph’s dad needs help with the
shopping.
D. Joseph held his father's hand as he
crossed the busy parking lot.
C. Joseph’s dad needs help with the
shopping.
 True or False
Claim of fact makes an
assertion about something that
cannot be proved or disproved
with factual evidence.
True or False

FALSE

“CAN”
 True or False

Claims of fact have to

be debatable and offer
an assertion about an
issue.
 True or False

Claims of fact are also

hard to verify, because
there are ways to
measure whether they
are true or not.
 1.It reports,
describes, predicts
and shows cause
and effect
 1.It is a fact or
belief that is
accepted as true.
1.It is a statement
or account that
makes something
clear.
1.It is the main topic of
an argument where the
speaker tries to assert
on his or her beliefs,
ideas or actions.
It is a reason or set
of reasons given
with the aim of
persuading others
 1.It is a fact or
information
indicating whether a
belief is true or valid.
 1.It reports,
describes, predicts
and shows cause
and effect.
 MELC
Identify claims explicitly or implicitly
made in a written text.
b. Claim of Policy
c. Claim of Value
EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-6, EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-6.2, EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-6.3
CLAIMSOF

POLICY&
VALUE
Claims!!!
CLAIM
OF
POLICY
CLAIM OF POLICY
-argues that certain conditions
should exist, or that something
should or should not be done, in
order to solve a problem.
CLAIM OF POLICY
-Calls for some form of action
-Usually is proposed as solutions
to existing problems or questions
CLAIM OF POLICY
-Uses “should”,
“ought to”, “must”
CLAIM OF POLICY
1.It shows that a
problem exists and it’s
good to solve it in a
certain way.
CLAIM OF POLICY
Example:
1. Economic policies
should always be pro-
people.
CLAIM OF POLICY
Example:
1.2. Students must always wear
the school uniform inside the
school premises.
CLAIM OF POLICY
Example:
1.3. Filipino citizens should
not support the drug war.
 Action
1.It is the act or process of
doing something, to
achieve an aim.
 Explanation
1.It is a statement or
account that makes
something clear.
How do we defend
a Claim of POLICY?
a. When you are defending a
claim of policy, you must make
your proposal clear. Terms
should be precisely defined.
b. When you are defending a
claim of policy, if necessary,
establish that there is a need
for change.
c. When you are defending a claim
of policy, consider the opposing
arguments. You may want to state
them in a brief paragraph to answer
them in the body of your argument.
d. When you are defending a
claim of policy, devote a major
part of your paper to proving
your proposal is an answer to
the opposing arguments.
e. Support your proposal
with solid data, but don’t
neglect moral and / or
common-sense reasons,
which may be even more
persuasive.
 Read the following
passages and identify
which among the following
statements is expressing a
Claim of Policy.
 1. The private ownership of
automatic and semi- automatic
weapons in the United States
should be banned.
2. Jollibee is a much popular
fast-food chain in the Philippines
than McDonald’s.
3. Stem Cell research should not be
funded by the government.
4. Senior Citizens and children
below fourteen years of age should
be allowed to go out.
 5. Political Dynasty should not be
allowed in the Philippines.
6. Among social media users in the
Philippines, Facebook was the most
used platform.
7. The oldest known disease
in the world is Leprosy.
8. Lowering the age of
criminal responsibility is
against child rights according
to UNICEF.
9. Every Filipino citizen
should have access to
health care.
10. Conti’s is better
than Red Ribbon.
COV
“The best revenge is to
be unlike him who
performed the injury.”
-Marcus Aurelius
Assessing whether something is
right or wrong, better or worse,
or good or bad is an act of
creating a Claim of VALUE.
CLAIM
OF
VALUE
CLAIM OF VALUE
-argues that something is
good or bad, or that one thing
is better than another thing.
CLAIM OF VALUE
-They express taste and morals
-Assessment of good or bad, right or
wrong, beneficial or harmful
-Usually based on a set of standards
CLAIM OF VALUE
They prove that an action, belief,
or condition is right or wrong,
good or bad, beautiful or ugly,
worthwhile or undesirable.
 CLAIM OF VALUE
-Questions of value include is it good
or bad? Is it right or wrong? How
moral or immoral? Of what worth is
it? Who says so? And is it ethical or
unethical?
 Morality
1.It is a principle
concerning the
distinction between right
and wrong or good and
bad behavior.
 Value
1.It gives judgment
about morality,
beauty, merit or
wisdom.
CLAIM OF VALUE
Example:
1. It’s better to apply good nutritional
choices at home than teach them at
school, because good nutrition then
becomes ingrained in the child’s
experience.
CLAIM OF VALUE
Example:
2. Although immunotherapy has
produced some good results in
fighting cancer, overall, it is less
effective than chemotherapy.
CLAIM OF VALUE
Example:
3. It is better for teenagers
engage in romantic and sexual
relationships.
How do we defend
a Claim of VALUE?
How do we defend a CLAIM of VALUE
a. Make clear that the values or
principles you are defending should
have priority on a scale of values
over competing values or principles
others might defend.
How do we defend a CLAIM of VALUE
b. Suggest that adherence to
the values you are defending
will bring about good results.
How do we defend a CLAIM of VALUE
c. Since values are abstract,
you should use real- world
examples and illustrations to
clarify meanings and make
distinctions
 How do we defend a CLAIM of VALUE
d. It is highly persuasive to
use the testimony of others to
prove that knowledgeable or
highly regarded people share
your values.
 Read the following passages
and identify which among the
following statements is
expressing a Claim of Value.
1. Cats make the best pets.
2. I think we need to elect the
Supreme Court.
3. Cheating in exams is unethical.
4. Covid 19 Pandemic is the most
pressing challenge the world is
facing today.
5. Texting while driving should be an
offense punishable by law.
6. Global warming will impact future
generations and eventually ruin the
environment.
7. Legislation should be passed to stop
the sale of cigarettes.
8.Lebron James is the best basketball
player in the NBA.
9. The Sam Rayburn Building
in Washington is an aesthetic
failure.
10. Democracy is the best form
of government.