Introduction to Computer

Systems
What is Computer?
A computer is a programmable electronic
device that can store, retrieve, and process
data. It operates under the control of
instructions stored in its memory, and it can
perform a variety of tasks depending on the
software it runs.
Computers come in various forms, including
personal computers, laptops, tablets, servers,
and mainframes. They consist of hardware
components such as the central processing
unit (CPU), memory (RAM), storage devices
(hard drives, solid-state drives), input/output
devices (keyboard, mouse, monitor), and
networking components.
The Four (4) Types of Computer:
Since The Advent of the first computer, different types and sizes
of computer are offering different services. Computers can be as big as
occupying a large building and as small as a laptop or a micro-controller
in systems. The four basic types of computers are:
1. Super Computers
2. Mainframe Computers
3. Mini Computer
4. Micro Computer
Supercomputer
The most powerful computer in terms of
performance and date processing are the
supercomputers. These are specialized and
task specific computers used by a large
organization. Most of these Supercomputers
are used for exploration like NASA, they use
supercomputers for launching space shuttles
controlling them and for space exploration
Mainframe Computers
Mainframe computers are not as powerful as
supercomputers, but certainly they are quite
expensive nonetheless, and many large firm
& government organizations used mainframe
computers to run their business operations.

IBM SYSTEM Z9 MAINFRAME

Minicomputers
Minicomputers are used by small businesses
&firms. Minicomputer are also called as
“Midrange Computers”. These small
machines can be accommodated on a disk
with not as processing and data Storage
capabilities as supercomputers &
mainframes.

DEC VT100 Minicomputer

Microcomputers
A microcomputer, often simply referred to as a "personal
computer" (PC), is a small, relatively inexpensive computer that is
designed for individual use. Microcomputers are characterized by their
compact size, affordability, and versatility. They typically consist of a
central processing unit (CPU), memory (RAM), storage devices (such as
hard drives or solid-state drives), input/output devices (such as
keyboards, mice, and monitors), and various ports for connecting
peripherals.
• Microcomputers can perform a wide range of tasks, including word
processing, web browsing, email, gaming, multimedia playback,
programming, and more. They are commonly used in homes, offices,
schools, and other settings where individual computing needs are
addressed.

• Microcomputers come in various form factors, including:

Desktop Computer
These are traditional microcomputers that
are designed to sit on a desk or workstation.
They typically consist of a separate monitor,
keyboard, and CPU tower or all-in-one unit.
Laptop Computers
Laptops, also known as notebook computers,
are portable microcomputers that integrate
the CPU, memory, storage, display, keyboard,
and other components into a single, compact
unit. Laptops are designed for mobile use
and offer the flexibility to work from different
locations.
Tablet & Smartphones
Tablets & Smartphones are touchscreen-
based microcomputers that feature a slate-like
form factor. They are highly portable and
typically rely on touch input for interaction.
Tablets often run mobile operating systems
such as iOS or Android and are used for tasks
like web browsing, media consumption, and
light productivity.
The 3 Fundamental Elements of
Computer
System Unit – Acts like the Center
or Core, Processing the data and
information it receives from input
devices.

Input Devices – An input Devices is

any hardware device that sends
data to a computer, allowing you to
interact with and control the
computer

Output Device – These are the

devices like printers. It receive the
system unit processed information.
Input Devices
• Input devices are hardware components that allow users to interact
with a computer system by providing data or commands. These
devices enable users to input information into the computer for
processing. Input devices can take various forms and serve different
purposes, but their primary function is to facilitate communication
between the user and the computer. Some common examples of
input devices include:
Keyboard & Mouse microphone
Touchpad/screen webcam
Output devices
An output device is a piece of hardware that receives data from a
computer and presents or displays the processed information to the
user in a usable form. Output devices allow users to perceive and
interpret the results of computations, interactions, or operations
performed by the computer system. These devices play a crucial role in
conveying information from the computer to the user. Some common
examples of output devices include:
Monitor Headphones
Printer Projector
Speaker
System Unit
A Computer Case/Chassis/Tower/System Unit
or sometimes incorrectly called-referred to as
“CPU” is the enclosure that contains most of
the component of the computer.
Basic parts of System unit includes:
Motherboard
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Random Access Memory
Power Supply Unit
Hard Disk Drive / Solid State Drive
CD/DVD ROM Drive
Expansion Slot
Video Graphics Card
Two types of System Case
Tower Case
- Designed to Sit
Vertically
Desktop
- Designed to sit
Horizontally