Sreevasta Viswanathan

Vivekananda Vidyalaya Sr
Sec School
Food ,Nutrition And
Dietetics

Cancer
- Kamalavasini . M
XI – A
11108
TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 02 03
INTRODUCTION CAUSES OF
CANCER SYMPTOMS OF CANCER

04 05 06
COMPLICATION TREATMENT CASE STUDY
OF CANCER
INTRODUCTION
● Cancer is a disease in which
some of the body’s cells grow
uncontrollably and spread to
other parts of the body. Cancer
can start almost anywhere in the
human body, which is made up
of trillions of cells. Normally,
human cells grow and multiply
to form new cells as the body
needs them. When cells grow old
or become damaged, they die,
and new cells take their place.
 CAUSES OF CANCER
● Cancer arises from the transformation of
normal cells into tumour cells in a multi-stage
process that generally progresses from a pre-
cancerous lesion to a malignant tumour.
These changes are the result of the
interaction between a person's genetic
factors and three categories of external
agents, including:
● physical carcinogens, such as ultraviolet and
ionizing radiation;
● chemical carcinogens, such as asbestos,
components of tobacco smoke, alcohol,
aflatoxin (a food contaminant), and arsenic (a
drinking water contaminant); and
● biological carcinogens, such as infections
from certain viruses, bacteria, or parasites.
SYMPTOMS OF CANCER
1. Abnormal periods or 2. Changes in bathroom
pelvic pain habits

Most women have the occasional irregular period or Significant changes in bodily functions can indicate
cramps. But persistent pain or changes in your cycle colon, prostate or bladder cancer, among other cancers.
can be a sign of cervical, uterine or ovarian cancer.

3. Bloating 4. Difficulty swallowing

We all feel bloated now and then. But bloating for If you feel as though food is getting stuck in your throat
more than two weeks can be a sign of ovarian cancer, or you have trouble swallowing for more than two
as well as various gastrointestinal cancers. weeks, this can be a sign of throat, lung or stomach
cancer.
COMPLICATIONS OF
CANCER
• Pain.
• Fatigue.
• Diarrhea or
constipation.
• Brain and nervous
system problems.
• Nausea.
• Chemical changes in
your body.
TREATMENTS

Biomarker Testing Chemotherapy Hormone Therapy Hyperthermia

for Cancer
Treatment

Immunotherapy Photodynamic Radiation Stem Cell

Therapy Therapy Transplant
CASE STUDY
A 33-year-old white female presents after admission to the general
medical/surgical hospital ward with a chief complaint of shortness of
breath on exertion. She reports that she was seen for similar symptoms
previously at her primary care physician’s office six months ago. At
that time, she was diagnosed with acute bronchitis and treated with
bronchodilators, empiric antibiotics, and a short course oral steroid
taper. This management did not improve her symptoms, and she has
gradually worsened over six months. She reports a 20-pound (9 kg)
intentional weight loss over the past year. She denies camping,
spelunking, or hunting activities. She denies any sick contacts. A brief
review of systems is negative for fever, night sweats, palpitations, chest
pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, neural
sensation changes, muscular changes, and increased bruising or
bleeding. She admits a cough, shortness of breath, and shortness of