THE COAL

THE PETROLEUM

OPTIONS.. QUIT ūAME

 mission
Welcome to
"Reso rce Q est: The Advent oal and Petrole
re To m"! nderstand
Yo r of the
properties, types, and applications coal and petrole
mission is to explore and
m.
Embark on this ed cational jo rney to ncover the vital
role these reso rces play in o r world today.
START
DEFINITION
 COAL
oal is a comb stible black or brownish-
black sedimentary rock with a high amont of
carbon and hydrocarbons.

A non renewable energy so rce

oal is fo nd in ndergro nd layers

known as "coal seams" or "coal beds," which
can be p to
0 meters thick and extend for
fi,500 kilometers.
r : r M a т I : и . MIиIиū a и d P r : c E S S I и ū
h o w c : a L is
foRmEd?
 mıиıиū P R : c E s s

oal can be extracted from the

earth either by s rface mining
or
ndergro nd mining.
 s v r r a c e mıиıиū
I f coal is less than 6fi meters
(200 feet) ndergrond, it can
be extracted thro gh s
rface mining.

Pro;
heaper than findergro nd
Mining

ons; Hazard to h man health

 v и d e r ū r : v и d mıиıиū
also known as Deep mining, is a
method of extracting coal from
beneath the Earth's s
rface, reaching depths of p
to 00 meters (fi,000 feet).

Pro; Įess dist rbance to the s rface

environment

on; Safety Risk and S bsidence

 pr:cessıиū aиd t r a и s p : r t a t ı : и
After removing the coal from
the gro nd, miners may send
it to a preparation plant near
the mining site.

onveyors, trams, tr ck and ship

is sed to transport the process
coal
to the cons mers.
тïPes
 LIūиıтe
ontains 25% - 5%
carbon content.
ontains over 65% moist
re content.
 suB-Bituminous
ontains 5% 5%
- content. carbon
ontains fi5% 0% moist
- content. re
 Bituminous
ontains 5% - 86%
carbon content.
ontains low moist re
content p to fi7%.
 AnthRAcitE
ontains 86% - 97%
carbon content.
ontains p to fi5% moist
re content.
PRoPERtiE
s
 CoLoR TExtuR
oal's color ranges E oal can exhibit
from black to vario vario s text
s shades of res,
brown, depending on ranging from soft
its composition, age, and cr mbly to hard
and imp rities. The and compact. Text
color can provide cl re affects the coal's
es abo t handling, processing,
the coal's rank and and comb stion
q ality. properties.
LustE
Roal may have a d
ll or shiny
appearance d e to
the presence
of mineral matter.
The l ster can vary
based on coal rank
and composition.
Deиsıтї P:r:sıтї нardиess
oal density oal's porosity oal hardness
torefers
its mass per nit refers to the vol me describes its
vol me and varies of pore space within resistance to
depending on the coal matrix. scratching, abrasion,
factors like moist Porosity and cr shing.
re content, infl ences Harder coals are
porosity, and mineral coal's ability to more resistant to
content. Higher absorb fl ids, breakage and may
density coal is gases, and have higher energy
contaminants. content.
typically denser and
heavier.
cLEAvaū r r a c т v r e ūraıи Sıze
e Some coal types oal may fract re oal may contain
exhibit cleavage, in vario s patterns, different grain
which is the s ch as sizes, ranging from
tendency to break conchoidal, irreg fine particles to
along specific planes lar, or blocky. Fract coarse fragments.
or
directions. leavage re Grain size affects
affects coal's properties infl coal handling,
fragmentation ence coal's transportation, and
behavior d ring behavior dring comb stion
mining and mining, cr shing, and characteristics.
processing. processing.
APPLIcATIONS
eLEcтrıcıтї ūeиeraтı:и
The prod ction of thermal power, which
ses coal mostly, contrib tes to the
overall electricity prod ction process.
By t rning coal into hot water steam,
which is then tilized to spin t rbines
into generators, coal-fired
power
plants prod ce energy.
Pr : d v c т ı : и : f sтeeL
Among the most important metals for
b ilding, prod cing, and developing
road
infrastr ct re is coal, which
significant plays a in
role
steel. Molten ironthe prodcedction
is prod of
d ring
the steel-making process by stripping
iron ore of its oxygen by the se of
coal.
manufacturinū o f cement

Since cement man fact re req ires a

significant amo nt of energy, coal is
employed as an energy so rce in the
cement ind stry. The process of
making concrete also makes se of
coal-b rning byprod cts.
chemical manufacturinū
oal byprod cts are sed to make a
variety of chemical prod cts. hemicals
incl ding benzene, naphthalene, phenol,
and creosote oil are made from refined
coal tar. Vario s polymers, fertilizers,
and medications sed in the ind stry
are among the many synthetic goods
derived from coal.
Anthracite nicknamed as “Nat re’s Black Diamond”
beca se of its high shine and resemblance to a
precio s gem.
The energy we get from coal today comes
from the energy that plants absorbed from
the s n
millions of years ago
 oal mining in the Philippines has a long
history dating back to the fi800s d ring the
Spanish colonization of the islands. The
Philippines
cons mes more coal than it can prod
ce and coal is the main so rce of
electricity.
 oal is the second most cons med fossil f el in
the world, behind petrole m.
START
DEFINITION
 PETRoLEu
m
Petrole m, also called cr de oil, is a fossil f el,
which is s ally black or dark brown, bt can
also be yellowish, reddish, tan, or even
greenish

Non Renewable So rce of Energy

Petrole m is fo nd in ndergro nd
pockets called reservoirs.
foRmation, pRocEssinū and
ExtRAction
foRmation
 EXTRACTION in L A n d
Petrole m is s ally extracted
thro gh well drilling with the help
of large drilling machines

The process of petrolem

extraction in land is divided into
exploration, drilling and prod
ction.
EXTRACTION in o c E A n
When extracting petrole m in
the ocean, well drilling is also
tilized

The process of petrolem

extraction in the ocean is also
divided into exploration, drilling
and prod ction.
 processinū and transportation

After cr de oil is removed from

the gro nd, it is then sent to a
refinery to t rn it into gasoline
and diesel.

After the refining process,

the prod ct was the
transported
thro gh pipelines, tr ck and ship
to the cons mers.
tïPES
 нeaтıиū : ı L
A f el specifically sed in
heating systems to warm b
ildings d ring cold weather.

2 TYPES OF HEATING SYSTEMS:

F rnace
Systems Boiler
Systems
LIquefıed Pe т r o L E u m
ūas
ĮPG, sometimes referred to as
propane or b tane, is a flammable
gas sed in cooking eq ipment
and home heating.
 ūas:LIиE

Gasoline f els power cars,

motorcycles, light tr cks, and other
gasoline-powered eq
ipment making it by far the
biggest
prod ct derived from cr de
oil across the world.
Asphalt:
 DıEsEL FuEL

Diesel f el is a mixt re of
hydrocarbons that power tr cks,
b ses, trains, ships, and heavy
machinery sed in constr
ction, agric lt re, and mining.
 JET FuEL

Aro nd fi0% of the world’s cr de

oil c rrently goes towards creating
jet f el that’s sed to power the
world’s air travel.
 ВıtumEи

A sticky, black s bstance sed

for its waterproofing and
adhesive properties in constr
ction applications.
PROPERTIES
 vısc:sıtï deиsıtï aРРearaиce
Petrole m is sed mostly by
a physical property of a Typically a dark
vol me for the prod ction
fl id that describes its
of f el, gasoline, and other brown or black liq id,
tendency/resistance to
flow. A high-viscosity
energy so rces. Therefore, b t it can vary in
an important property of
color from light
fVfilscoidsityh, caosmsmaonlloy petrole m is density; a
ratio of its mass to its vol yellow to greenish-
high-viscosity fluid has a low tendency
w tt e e n n d e n c y
d toep i c t e d b y th e sy mbol
me. In petrole m brown.
vv i sc o o s i t y fl l
f μ, w a ,physical
lo is w h e property
re a soflow
a fluid
- vthat
tdoescfrilboeswit,s prodction,
density is sed to give an
wictw
dos
enshitydefflenlruo
ce wasraflow
idy/ esssistlaonwce-
is easily.
estimation of the gasoline
easily.Power req irement
to flow. A
and kerosene present.
to transport (e.g., to This, in t rn, determines
p mp) a fl id the price of the gasoline.
depends strongly on
 :d:r b:ılıиū Р:ıиt f l a s h Р:ıиt
haracteristic Petrole m doesn't The flash point of
have a single boiling petrole m can
smell, often
point; instead, it has a
described as vary, b t for most
range d e to the mixt
cr de oils, it is
pVμ,pisiscoa physical
nsnitygproperty
,
re of
of a fluid
typically between -
to that
describes
. its tendency/ resistance to flow.
high-viscosity fluid hasA a low tendency
different
e n t o r s ii m ii
toom
hydrocarbons. The 20
fi20 to
, depending
gasoline.
flow,
c
easily.
whereas
m only low-viscosity
d epic fluids
te dflowby t

boiling range can span on the specific type

llhae srymbol
from as low as of cr de.
0 to over 00 .
s:lvBılıtï eиerūï с:иteиt svlrvr с:иteиt
Insol ble in High energy content, The s lf r content
water b t sol making it val able f can vary widely,
ble in organic el so rce typically from
solvents 0.05% to more than
l li k k e b
V μ, iis as physical
co property
sity , of a fluid

to ene, n n
that
describes its tendency/resistance to flow. A 5%.
high-viscosity fluid has a low tendency
coe n z
and
to m
flow,
easily.
e
lchloroform.e
whereasn e e ,
mo low-viscosity
nl y d fluidsi flow
ep cte d by Į o w - s lf r cr de is
the symbol
referred to as
"sweet," while high-
s lf r cr de is "so
r."
aPPLICaTION
traиsР:rtatı:и
The primary energy so for transportation
rce
petrole m. Two thirds of is the sed f
transportation worldwid is petrole el m.for The
transportation fe els mademain from petrole m incl
de
gasoline/petrol, diesel, jet f el, liq efied petrole m
gas (ĮPG), and marine f el. Diesel or gasoline is sed in
cars, motorbikes, light tr cks, b ses, railroads,
boats, and ships. Kerosene is freq ently sed in jet
aircraft and certain types of helicopters.
P : ! e r ūeиeraтı:и
Petrole m is sed in thermal power plants
to generate electricity. Petrole m
also contrib tes significantly to the
generation of power, which ltimately ca
ses enormo s environmental poll tion, even
tho gh coal is the main so rce of energy
generation.
 LuBrıcaитs
Į bricants are essential for the effective
operation of machinery in almost all
sectors. Vehicle and ind strial machine
friction decreased by l bricants.
is
they're B t tilized in ltraso
also
exams, nd, medical
cooking, and bioapplications
h on
mans.
Ph a r m a c e u т ı c a L s
Topical medications are made
certain b y - prod cts, sing s ch
petrolat m and as oil.
mineral
organic compo nds fo nd Simple
in petrole
m wastes are related to complex
organic molec les employed in
medications.
 aūrıcvLтvre
fising Haber's process, petrole m is
converted into ammonia, a so rce of
nitrogen sed in agric lt ral
fertilizers.
Not to mention that petrole m is sed to
make a lot of herbicides. Petrole m is
also
sed by eq ipment s ch as plo ghing.
chemıcaL I и d v s т r ï
Many chemical firms se the b y - prod cts of a
petrole m refinery as their raw materials.
The main b y - prod cts created from
naphtha, grease, petrole m jelly, wax, b tadiene,
and other key b y - prod cts are significant
items s ch fertilizers,
chemical fibers,
insecticides, synthetic synthetic r plastics,
bber,
pesticides, perf nylon,paints,
mes, dyes,
etc.
DomEstic u s E s
Petrole m byprod cts inclde ho sehold
items like wax, vaseline, and detergents.
Many nations tilize kerosene for lighting,
cooking, and other ho sehold ses.
 The finited States has less than 5% of the
world's pop lation yet ses 20% of the world's
oil s pply, making it the largest oil cons mer.
In 20fi8, the fiS sed 20.5 billion barrels daily and
the states that
generally cons me the least are Delaware,
Vermont, Hawaii, New Hampshire, and Rhode
Island.
Bit men, a visco s, sticky form of petrole
m, was po red over the heads of
lawbreakers in ancient Assyria.
Petrole m is older than dinosa
rs.
fi.A process of mining coal from beneath the Earth’s
s rface reaching depths p to 00 meters or fi000
feet. I t is a method that provides less dist rbance.

a.S rface mining

b.S bterranean Mining
c.Gro nd Mining
d.Deep mining
2.This is the type of petrole m that is specifically
sed in heating systems to warm b
ildings d ring cold weather.

a.Heating Oil
b.Gasoline
c.Diesel F el
d.Jet F el
 . The property of coal which refers to the vol
me of pore space within the coal matrix

a.Į ster
b.Porosity
c. Grain Size
d.Fract re
 .A type of coal that has minim m moist re content
and is considered as the best q ality coal

a.Anthracite
b.Peat
c.Bit mino s
d.Įignite
5.Type of Petrole m sed in thermal power plants
to generate electricity.

a.Į bricants
b.Transportation
c. hemical Ind stry
d.Power Generation
6. Applicationof coal that incl des making process
by stripping iron ore of its oxygen by the se of
coal.

a.Man fact ring of ement

b.Steel Making
c.Electricity Generation
d. hemical Prod ction
7. The Property of Petrolem which determines the
price of the gasoline. I t is also the ratio of petrole
m’s mass to its vol me.

A. Sol bility
B. Viscosity
. Density
D.
Energy
8.This is an application of coal wherein filters are
created with coal active components and are tilized
to catch harmf l ind strial poll tants.

a.Air p rification
b. hemical man fact ring
c.Water p rification
d.Food P rification
9. A non-renewable energy that is s ally black or
brown and is also called as cr de dark
oil.
a. oal
b.Fossil F
el
c.Minerals
d.Petrole
m
fi0. The type of petrole m that f els cars,
motorcycles, light tr cks and other vehicles. I t is
also considered as the biggest prod ct derived from
cr de oil across the world.

a.Gasoline
b.Diesel F el
c.Jet F el
d.Įiq efied Petrole m Gas