SEDIMENTARY

ROCKS
Group 4
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 Members

Arizabal, Sheena Castillo, Naika Consebido. Delas Alas, Maria

Marie B. Kylle G. Charmaine Anne Mae L.
A.

Ombina, Jazen Panganiban, Dave Rotoni, Ronald M.

G. Mathew C.
Table of contents

01 02Ice
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Definition Types
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Properties
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Application
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Sample Photos

4 5 6
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Definition
1
Introduction to Sedimentary
Rocks
 What are
Sedimentary
Sedimentary
Rocks?
rocks are rock
formations that result from
the gradual accumulation or
deposition of mineral or organic
particles on the Earth's surface,
which are then solidified via the
process of cementation.
How Sedimentary Rocks are
formed?
Weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, and
lithification produces sedimentary rocks. A detailed summary
of each step follows:

1. WEATHERING
Process of rock disintegration at
the Earth's surface as a
result of environmental
influences.
 Types of
Weathering

Physical Weathering Chemical Weathering

The process of mechanical fragmentation of The process of rocks breaking down as a
rocks, when their chemical composition remains result of chemical processes.
the same.

Biological Weathering
The process of rocks being broken down by
the activities of living organisms.
How Sedimentary Rocks are formed?

2. EROSION
The process by which
weathered rock particles are
displaced from their original
position.
 Agents of
Erosion
Water Wind
Particles are transported Responsible for the
by rivers and streams. transportation of small
particles such as sand and
dust.

Ice Gravity
Glaciers erode and Responsible for the
transport rock occurrence of rockfalls and
fragments. landslides.
How Sedimentary Rocks are formed?

3. TRANSPORTATION
The process of
transferring degraded particles
from one location to another.
 Methods of
Transportation
Solution Suspension
Formed by minerals Presence of fine particles, such
that have been as clay and silt, that are
dissolved and carried transported in water or air.
by water.

Saltation Traction
Movement of sand- Movement of larger
sized particles as they particles when they roll or
bounce along the slide on the ground.
riverbed or ground.
How Sedimentary Rocks are formed?

4. DEPOSITION
The phenomenon in
which sediments that have been
carried settle and deposit.
 Factors Influencing
Deposition

Energy of Transport Medium

Deposition is more likely to occur
in lower energy settings such as Particle Size
deep lakes and ocean bottoms.
The settling order of particles
is determined by their size, with
larger particles settling before
smaller ones.

Chemical Conditions
Alterations in the chemical
composition of water may lead to
the formation of solid minerals
via a process called precipitation.
How Sedimentary Rocks are formed?

5. LITHIFICATION
It is the process by
unconsolidated which
converted
sediments into are
compacted
cohesive rock an
formations. d
 Processes of
Lithification

Process by which minerals

It occurs when the weight
are deposited from
of sediments above
groundwater and effectively
compresses the sediments
bond together the particles
below, resulting in a
by filling the gaps between
decrease in pore space.
them.
Compaction Cementation

Process in which some

minerals undergo a
transformation under pressure,
resulting in the formation of a
more stable arrangement.
Recrystallization
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Ice Breaker
 03
Types
Different types of Sedimentary
Rocks
What are the types of Sedimentary
Rocks?
1. CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
This rock type is created by the
process of mechanical weathering,
which causes the formation of rock
layers from various kinds of rocks.
 Examples of Clastic Sedimentary
Rocks

Conglomerate Sandstone Shale

A kind of sedimentary rock Consists mostly of It is composed of
made up of rounded clasts mineral particles or pieces
small particles of silt and clay. It
small
gravel size of that are of
rock that are bound compacted and has
is
held
together by a matrix of together by cementation. the
property of being fissile,
smaller grains. which means it may
readily break into thin
layers.
What are the types of Sedimentary
Rocks?
2. CHEMICAL
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
It is formed by the process of
mineral precipitation, when minerals
existing in the rock undergo a
chemical reaction and gradually
cool down, eventually transforming
into solid rock again.
 Examples of Chemical
Sedimentary Rocks

Limestone Dolomite Chert

Largely made up of the
It is a sedimentary A durable,
mineral dolomite, which is a
consistingmostly of
rock compact sedimentary rock
compound of calcium,
carbonate, often in the form
calcium largely made up of
magnesium, and carbonate.
calcite,
of and microcrystalline quartz. It
when
It limestone
is often created undergoes
frequently
generated from the remains often forms when silica
alteration due to the presence
of marine life. precipitates in marine
of fluids rich in magnesium.
settings.
What are the types of Sedimentary
Rocks?
3. ORGANIC
SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
This rock type mostly consists of
coal and limestone, which are
generated by the aggregation and
deposition of deceased flora and
fauna inside rock strata.
 Examples of Organic
Sedimentary Rocks

Coal Oil Shale

A sedimentary rock with a
It is an organic It is composed of
fine- grained texture that
sedimentary rock that particles of silt and clay. It
small
includes a substantial quantity
originates from the crushed compacted and has
is
of organic material. This
remnants of plant matter. the
property of being fissile,
organic material may be
stratified
It is often deposits
found in which means it may
transformed into shale oil by
marshy
inside readily break into thin
subjecting it to heat.
habitats. layers.
 04
Properties
Distinct features of Sedimentary
Rocks
What are the properties of
Sedimentary Rocks?
1. Texture
Grain Size: The texture might vary from coarse, medium, or
fine, depending on the size of the particles.

Grain Shape: Particles may have either a rounded or angular

shape, which serves as an indication of the extent of weathering
and transit they have undergone.

Grain Sorting: Well-sorted sediments have a consistent grain size,

while poorly sorted sediments include a mixture of different sizes.
What are the properties of
Sedimentary Rocks?

2. Color
Varies greatly depending on the different mineral compositions
and the circumstances of the environment.

Colors such as red, brown, yellow (which indicate the presence of

iron oxides), gray, and black (which indicate the presence of
organic material) are common.
What are the properties of
Sedimentary Rocks?

3. Porosity and Permeability

Porosity: The proportion of the rock's total volume that is made
up of hollow areas known as pore spaces.

Permeability: The capacity of the rock to allow fluids to pass via

its pore network, which is essential for oil reserves and aquifers.
What are the properties of
Sedimentary Rocks?

4. Fossils
Frequently, these specimens contain fossils, which are the
preserved residues or indications of past life forms.

Present crucial data on the historical habitats and organisms of

the Earth.
What are the properties of
Sedimentary Rocks?

5. Stratification
Sedimentary rocks exhibit stratification resulting from the
gradual accumulation of sedimentary materials.

Strata, sometimes known as layers, may exhibit variations in

both thickness and content, providing valuable information
about past geological occurrences.
What are the properties of
Sedimentary Rocks?

6. Chemical Composition
Governed by the mineral composition of the rock.

Quartz, calcite, and clay minerals are often found in clastic

rocks, whereas calcite and dolomite are commonly found in
chemical rocks.
 05
Applications
Various uses of Sedimentary
Rocks
Applications of Sedimentary Rocks

Construction Materials Source of Fossil Fuels

Sandstone and limestone Coal, oil, and natural gas.
are often used.

Water Reservoirs Raw Materials

Aquifers. For cement (limestone)
and glass (sandstone).
 0
Sample
6 Photos
Images of Sedimentary Rocks
 Sedimentary Rocks

Breccia Flint Dolomite

Limestone Halite Siltstone

 Sedimentary Rocks

Chalk Caliche Coquina

Iron ore Diatomite Sandstone

References:

Alden, A. (2019d, October 9). Get to know 24 types of sedimentary rock.

ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/sedimentary-rock-types-4123132

Sedimentary rocks. (n.d.).

https://www2.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens1110/sedrx.htm?
fbclid=IwAR0zpWTwH03vnA7HFF3XI9yc_RywHPhvfnAVihwMl0dFNViGj2cNKnP1dcU

Uses of different types of sedimentary rocks you see. (n.d.). Civil Engineering.
https://civiltoday.com/geotechnical-engineering/geology/322-uses-of-sedimentary-rocks?
fbclid=IwAR3sY-yvxtLco73MBrbnB_nFfFvHwDqj982irB-a5xArU7jLUNeeZBw-Nlc

Folk, R. L., Crook, K. A., Schwab, F. L., Haaf, E. T., Beck, K. C., & Bissell, H. J. (2024, May 3).
Sedimentary rock | Definition, Formation, Examples, & Characteristics. Encyclopedia
Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/sedimentary-rock

Sedimentary rocks. (n.d.-b).

https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/sedimentary- rock/?
fbclid=IwAR0Sd58fy5xMqnRG5gNicu6JALRW1imfNnSy_lHI4OJ5sMi3Al_9q5RMOq8
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