CHARACTERISTICS OF THE

GRAPH OF A QUADRATIC
FUNCTIONS
 Graph of the function y= x²
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 9 4 1 0 1 4 9

Opening of the graph: upward

Axis of symmetry: x =0
Domain: all real numbers

Range: y

Vertex: (0,0)
Minimum value: 0
 Graph of the function y= -x²
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y -9 -4 -1 0 -1 -4 -9

Vertex: (0,0)
Maximum value: 0
Opening of the graph: downward

Domain: all real numbers

Range: y

Axis of symmetry: x =0
 Graph of the function y= x² + 2x -1
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 2 -1 -2 -1 2 7 14

Opening of the graph: upward

Domain: all real numbers

Range: y

Axis of symmetry: x =-1

Vertex: (-1,-2)
Minimum value: -2
Sketch the graph of each of the following function
1. y= x² - 2x + 1
2. Y= x² - 4
3. Y= -x² + 5
4. Y= x² + 1
5. Y= (x – 1)²
a. Opening of the graph: ______
b. Minimum or maximum value: ______
c. Axis of symmetry: ______
d. Domain: ______
e. Range: ______
Analyze the Effects of changing the
values a, h, and k in the equation
y= a(x – h)² of a quadratic function on
its graph.
 Y= 3x²
Y= x²
Y= x²

Y= x²

Y= 2x²
Questions:
a. Analyze the graphs
b. What do you notice about the
shape of the graph of aquadratic
function y=ax²
c. What happens to the graph as the
value of a becomes larger?
d. What happens to the graph as the
value of a becomes smaller?
e. Summarize your observations.

Conclusion: In the graphs of y= ax², the larger the value of a, the narrower the
graph .On the contrary, the smaller the value a, the broader the graph.
 Y= (x-2)²
Y= (x + 1)²

Y= x²
Y= (x + 2)²
Y= (x -1)²
Questions:
a. Analyze the graphs
b. What do you notice about the
graph of a quadratic function
y=(x- h)²?
c. How would you compare the graph
of y=(x – h)² and that of y= x²?
d. Discuss your ideas and
observations?

Conclusion: To graph y= a(x –h)²,slide the graph of y=ax² horizontally h units. If

h slide it to the right. if hslide it to the left. The graph has vertex (h,0) and its
axis is the line x= h.
 Y= x² + 3

Y= x² + 2

Y= x² - 2 Y= x²

Y= x² - 3
Questions:
a. Analyze the graphs
b. What do you notice about the
graph of a quadratic function
y=x² +k
c. How would you compare the graph
of y=x² + k and that of y= x² when the
vertex is above the origin? Below the
origin?
d. What conclusion can you give
based on your observation?

Conclusion: To graph y= ax² + k,slide the graph of y=ax² vertically k units. If k

slide it upward. if kslide it downward. The graph has vertex (0,k) and its axis is
the line x= 0.
 Y= (x -2)² + 1

Y= (x + 1)² - 1 Y= x²
Questions:
a. Analyze the graphs
b. What is the effect of the variables h
and k on the graph of y= ( x-h)² + k
as compared to the graph of y=x²
c. What conclusion can you give
based on your observation?

Conclusion: To graph y= a(x –h)² + k, slide the graph of y=ax² horizontally h

units and vertically k units. The graph has vertex (h,k) and its axis is the line
x= 0.