Mass,

Momentum, And
energy conservation
 OBJECTIVES
Explain the subtle distinction between
Newton’s 1st law of motion (or law of
inertia) and Galileo’s assertion that force is
not necessary to sustain horizontal motion.
 ISAAC NEWTON'S FIRST LAW OF MOTION
(LAW OF INERTIA) and the CONCEPT OF
FORCE
Isaac Newton (1643-1725) is an
English mathematician, physicist and
astronomer was one of the most
recognized and dental sets of his time.
He is famous for formulating the three
laws of motion which explain why
objects move or don't move.
Newton’s first law is often stated as: an object at rest stays at
rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same
speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an
unbalanced force. This postulate is also known as the law of
inertia.

The behavior of all objects can be described by saying that

objects tend to "keep on doing what they're doing" (unless
acted upon by an unbalanced force). If at rest, they will
continue in this same state of rest.
If in motion with an eastward velocity of 5 m/s, they will
continue in this same state of motion (5 m/s, East). If in
motion with a leftward velocity of 2 m/s, they will continue
in this same state of motion (2 m/s, left). The state of motion
of an object is maintained as long as the object is not
acted upon by an unbalanced force. All objects resist
changes in their state of motion - they tend to "keep on doing
what they're doing."
There is an important condition that must be met in order for
the first law to be applicable to any given motion. The
condition is described by the phrase "... unless acted upon by
an unbalanced force." As long as the forces are balanced -
the first law of motion applies.
The ability of an object to resist change in
its state of motion is called inertia
Heavier objects have greater inertia. They are more able
to resist the force acted on them. If a heavy object is at rest, it
cannot be moved easily because it has a great inertia. If a
heavy object is moving, it is harder for it to be stopped
because it has greater inertia.
Lighter objects have lesser inertia. If a light object
is at rest, it is moved easily and if it is moving, it is
easier for it to be stopped because of its lesser inertia.
 Who was Galileo
Galilei? What were his
contributions to the
concept of inertia?
The concept of inertia was first formulated by Galileo Galilei
for horizontal motion on Earth. Before Galileo it had been
thought that all horizontal motion required a direct cause (this
idea came from Aristotle), but Galileo deduced from his
experiments that a body in motion would remain in motion
unless a force (such as friction) caused it to come to rest
 Galileo Galilei was an Italian scientist
who first explained the concept of
inertia. He observed that when a ball
rolls down an inclined plane, its speed
increases; and when it rolls upwards, its
speed decreases. This change in speed
was due to gravity.
 When the ball rolled down the
inclined plane, it was pulled by
gravity, so its speed increased.
The opposite happened when the
ball rolled up the inclined plane.
He then asked himself what
would happen to the ball if it
was rolling on a horizontal
plane such as the floor.
Galileo asserted that if friction was
absent, the ball would continue to
move with constant velocity. It
would continue its state of motion
unless a push
or a pull compels it to change that
state. Galileo called this tendency
of materials to resist change in
their state of motion as inertia.
 His assertion was the inspiration for Newton’s
1st law of motion. They both implied that no force is
needed to keep the motion of an object and the
object’s inertia would keep it from changing its state
of motion.
THANK
YOU!
 DID YOU KNOW?
ELEPHANTS AND STORMS.

Did you know that elephants can sense storms?

Elephants may be able to detect a thunderstorm from hundreds of miles away,

and will head towards it, looking for water.
 DID YOU KNOW?
Did you know that dogs can smell your Did you know that a cat uses its whiskers as
feelings? feelers to determine if a space is too small to
squeeze through?
Dogs can pick up on subtle changes in your
scent, which can help him figure out how you Also, cats love to sleep. A fifteen-year-old cat
are feeling, such as by smelling your has probably spent ten years of its life sleeping.
perspiration when you become nervous or
fearful.
 Clearly, animals know more
than we think, and think a great
deal more than we know.

― Irene M. Pepperberg
DID YOU KNOW?
Pandas don’t hibernate.
When winter approaches, they head lower down their mountain homes to warmer temperatures, where they continue to chomp away
on bamboo!

There are more kangaroos than humans in Australia.

It is estimated that more than 50 million kangaroos live there. They are Australia’s national symbol and appear on postage stamps,
coins, and airplanes.

Koalas are even more lazy than cats.

Koalas don’t have much energy and, when not feasting on leaves, they spend their time dozing in the branches. Believe it or not,
they can sleep for up to 18 hours a day!
 Very interesting
FACTS

This is where you section ends. Duplicate this set of slides as many times you need to go over all your sections.
 PANDAS
DON’T
HIBERNATE.
When winter approaches, they head lower down
their mountain homes to warmer temperatures,
where they continue to chomp away on bamboo!
 A fifteen-year-old cat
has probably spent ten

CATS years of its life sleeping.

Also, cats use their

LOVE whiskers as feelers to
determine if a space is

TO too small to squeeze

through.

SLEEP.
 SOME FACTS ABOUT MY CATS.

100% 25% 75%

Of my cats are Traveled by plane. Are females.
adorable. Twice!
 LET’S REVIEW SOME FACTS.
Elephants Pandas Cats

Elephants can sense storms. Pandas don’t hibernate. Cats use their whiskers as feelers

Dogs Kangaroos Koalas

Dogs can smell your feelings. There are more kangaroos than Koalas are even more lazy than
humans in Australia. cats.
 THIS IS OUR TEAM.

Erika V. John S. Marie M.

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