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Impact of Globalization To International Marketing
Impact of Globalization To International Marketing
Presented by : Ireneo Caete, Jr. Aurora Cendana Marketing Management Dr. Ed Garrovillas
Reference:
Marketing Management, 11th edition by Philip Kotler Out of the Box Marketing Principles that work and make sense, by Dr. E. Garrovillas www.worldbank.org
Objectives
Focus on the following questions: What factors should a company review before deciding to go abroad? How can companies evaluate and select foreign markets to enter? What are the major ways of entering a foreign market? To what extent must the company adapt its products and marketing program to each foreign country? How should the company manage and organize its international activities?
Globalization
According to Friedman (1999): Globalization is the inexorable integration of markets, nation states, and technologies to a degree never witnessed before- in a way that is enabling individuals, corporations and nation-states to reach around the world farther, faster, deeper and cheaper than before, the spread of freemarket capitalism to virtually every country around the world.
Pros Of Globalization
With globalization, there is a global market for companies to trade their products and a wider range of options for people, to choose from among the products of different nations. Developing countries benefit a lot from globalization, as there is a sound flow of money and thus, a decrease in the currency difference. To meet the increasing demands that follow globalization, there is an increase in the production sector. This gives loads of options to the manufacturers as well. Competition keeps prices relatively low, and as a result, inflation is less likely to occur. The focus is diverted and segregated among all the nations. No country remains the single power head; instead there are compartmentalized power sectors. The decisions at higher levels are meant for the people at large. Communication among the countries is on the rise, which allows for better understanding and broader vision. As communication increases amongst two countries, there is interchange of cultures as well. We get to know more about the other's cultural preferences. As we feed to each other's financial needs, the ecological imbalance is also meted out. Governments of countries show concern about each other.
Cons Of Globalization
Globalization is causing Europeans to lose their jobs as work is being outsourced to the Asian countries. The cost of labor in the Asian countries is low as compared to other countries. The high rate of profit for the companies, in Asia, has resulted in a pressure on the employed Europeans, who are always under the threat of the business being outsourced. Companies are as opening their counterparts in other countries. This results in transferring the quality of their product to other countries, thereby increasing the chances of depreciation in terms of quality. There are experts who believe that globalization is the cause for the invasion of communicable diseases and social degeneration in countries. The threat that the corporates would rule the world is on high, as there is a lot of money invested by them. It is often argued that poor countries are exploited by the richer countries where the work force is taken advantage of and low wages are implemented.
Philips began to earn a profit in Japan only after it had reduced the size of its coffeemakers to fit into smaller Japanese kitchens and its shavers to fit smaller Japanese hands.
Coca-Cola had to withdraw its two-liter bottle in Spain after discovering that few Spaniards owned refrigerators with large enough compartments to accommodate it. General Foods Tang initially failed in France because it was positioned as a substitute for orange juice at breakfast. The French drink little orange juice and almost none at breakfast. Kelloggs Pop-Tarts failed in Britain because the percentage of British Pop- homes with toasters was significantly lower than in the United States and the product was too sweet for British tastes.
High H
Competitive Advantage
China
Med
Czech
Low
M L
H
L
Risk
M L
Romania
companys entry strategy; company subtracts estimated costs from estimated sales to derive company profits
income stream should be related to investment stream to derive implicit rate of return; should be high enough to cover firms normal target return on its investments and the risk of marketing in that country
APEC
Joint Ventures
Licensing
Direct Exporting
Indirect Exporting
Franchising
ASEAN countries
Country Name Brunei Darussalam 2006 87,839,128 2007 257,635,717 2008
222,184,549
Cambodia
Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam
483,209,382
4,914,201,435 187,310,641 6,076,119,971 278,634,106 2,921,000,000 29,347,864,395 9,452,928,923 2,400,000,000
867,288,538
6,928,480,000 323,520,000 8,590,185,403 257,686,000 2,916,000,000 37,032,936,287 11,323,987,644 6,700,000,000
815,180,217
9,318,453,649 227,770,000 7,375,907,979 283,454,600 1,544,000,000 8,588,194,480 8,531,083,130 9,579,000,000
530,151,578
4,877,369,178 318,598,209 1,387,393,683 322,975,866 1,963,000,000 15,278,566,655 4,976,284,679 7,600,000,000
782,597,000
13,303,654,878 350,000,000 9,102,974,458 756,323,000 1,713,000,000 38,638,121,023 6,306,251,509 8,000,000,000
Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net inflows (new investment inflows less disinvestment) in the reporting economy from foreign investors.
ASEAN + 3
Country Name China Japan Korea, Dem. Rep. 2006 124,082,036,118 -6,783,580,857 -104,620,000 2007 160,051,835,203 22,180,067,084 66,730,000
3,586,400,000
1,784,400,000
3,310,700,000
2,249,000,000
-150,100,000
Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net inflows (new investment inflows less disinvestment) in the reporting economy from foreign investors.
Promotion
Communication adaptation Dual adaptation
Final buyers
Other Companies:
Company Revenue Geographic Region
Toyota Motors
(2011) US $236B
(2009) Y 1,445,616M (2010) US $33.6B (2010) US $21.6B
Mitsubishi Motors
Hyundai Motors
Kia Motors