Module 02

Bio-Ecological
Perspective
PSY1A – Understanding the Self
 Table of contents

01 Ecological System Theory

Health Ecology & High-Risk

02 Ecology

04 03 Activity
 URIE
BRONFRENBRENNER
• American & Developmental Psychologist
• Formulated the Ecological Systems Theory
• His theory focuses on the quality and
context of the child's environment
Ecological
System
Theory
MICROSYSTEM
Immediate Environment

The microsystem essentially are the

01 things that are in the child’s immediate

surroundings and connection.

How these groups or individuals

interact with the children will 02
affect how they grow.
Microsystem
Immediate Environment
A healthy ecology

FAMILY
01 •
•
Bonded to caregivers
Positive discipline

PEERS
•
• Peer acceptance
Pro-social values
02
SCHOOL
03 •
•
Supportive teachers
Academic sources
A high-risk ecology

FAMILY
01 •
•
Insecure bond
Inconsistent discipline

PEERS
•
• Peer conflict
Antisocial values
02
SCHOOL
03 •
•
Conflict teachers
Academic failure
 MESOSYSTEM
CONNECTIONS

It proposes that children don’t develop only

by influence from their close familial
environment – surrounding environments are
influential on the development of the child
as well.
 EXOSYSTEM
INDIRECT ENVIRONMENT

Environment that do not directly interact

with the child, but nonetheless have an
important influence on the child’s
development.
 MACROSYSTEM
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL VALUES

The macrosystem is the largest and most

distant collection of people and places to
the children that still have significant
influences on them.
 CHRONOSYSTEM
CHANGES OVER TIME

The chronosystem is made up of the

environmental events and transitions over the
life course.
EVERY CHILD NEEDS AT
LEAST ONE ADULT WHO
IS IRRATIONALLY CRAZY
ABOUT HIM OR HER!
 Module 03
Socio-Anthropological
Perspective of the Self
PSY1A – Understanding the Self
 Table of contents

01 Self-concept

02 Looking Glass Self

03 Stages of Development of the self

04
04 Phases of Self
 SOCIALIZATION
Socialization is the means by which human infants
begin to acquire the skills necessary to perform as
a functioning member of their society.

Within socialization, a person develops a sense of

self
 SELF-CONCEPT
The SELF-CONCEPT is the sum total of beliefs we each
have about ourselves. How you think, evaluate or
perceived yourself.

1. The Existential Self

2. The Categorical Self
 SELF-CONCEPT
The Existential Self

This is 'the most basic part of the self-scheme or

self-concept; the sense of being separate and
distinct from others and the awareness of the
constancy of the self' (Bee, 1992).
 SELF-CONCEPT
The Categorical Self

Having realized that he or she exists as a separate

experiencing being, the child next becomes aware
that he or she is also an object in the world.
 SELF-CONCEPT
Recognizing
oneself
Social Relationships define
our self

How we think of ourselves is

linked to the person we are
with at the moment
Social Relationships define
our self
LOOKING GLASS SELF
Charles Horton Cooley
American Sociologist, the founding member of
the American Sociological Association in 1905.

Best known for his concept of “looking-glass

self”.
 LOOKING GLASS SELF
The Looking Glass Self
Our self-image comes from our own self-reflection
and from what others think of us. The looking-
glass self describes the process wherein individuals
base their sense of self on how they believe others
view them. Using social interaction as a type of
“mirror”, people use the judgements they receive
from others to measure their own worth, values,
and behavior.
LOOKING GLASS SELF
FOUR PRIMARY GROUPS

1. Parents
2. Siblings
3. Play Groups
4. Elders
SELF

George Mead (1863-1931)

 • An American philosopher,
sociologist, and psychologist.
• Mead’s central concept is the self.

1. SELF-AWARENESS
2. SELF - IMAGE
George Mead (1863-1931)
3 STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF
THE SELF

Stage 1: Stage 2: Stage 3:

The
Preparatory The The
Stage Play Stage Game Stage
3 STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF
THE SELF

STAGE 1: The Preparatory Stage (birth –about age 2)

• Children mimic or imitate those around them.
• They start to learn language.
• Incapable of taking in the perspective of others.
3 STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF
THE SELF

STAGE 2: The Play Stage (from about age 2 to six)

• Children play pretend as the specific other.

• They do not adhere to the rules in organized games.
3 STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF
THE SELF
STAGE 3: The Game Stage (from about age seven onwards)

• Children begin to understand and adhere to the rules of games.

• They start to understand the attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of
generalize others.
• They start to be concerned about the opinions of others that is
why they start to act based on the expectations of society.
 2 PHASES OF SELF
ME - The social self
Me is myself and how others see me. Me receives
the action.

I - Our response to the “Me”

I is how you see yourself. I does the action.
 I & ME SELF
The “I” and the “Me” has a
dynamic relationship that
actually forms what we call the
self.
 “I am not who you
think I am; I am not
who I think I am; I am
who I think you think
I am”
—Charles Horton Cooley
Assignment!

Do we act based on what

society expect us?