FLUID MACHINES

Chapter 3: Water Turbine

Cross Flow Turbine

Presented by
Keshav Kumar Acharya
Teaching Assistant
TU, IOE
Purwanchal Campus
 Introduction
• Most widely used impulse turbine on small hydro sites
with typical power outputs from 5 kW up to 100 kW
• Can work on net heads from just 1.75 m to 200 m with
discharge ranging from as low as 40 lps up to 5 m3/s
• Called cross flow because the water flows through or
correctly “across” the rotor
Main Components
 Main Components

Inlet Pipe/Inlet Adaptor

• Also called the ‘round to square adaptor’ because it fits
between the round water supply pipe and the rectangular
inlet to the turbine
Inlet Guide Vane
• Regulate the flow rate through the turbine and direct the
flow onto the rotor at the optimum angle for maximum
efficiency
Turbine
• Comprises a drum shaped runner consisting of two
parallel discs connected together near their rims by a
series of curved blades
 Main Components

Purge Valve/Air Inlet Valve

• Helps to create negative pressure inside the turbine
cavity
• Most be adjusted correctly so that it allows just the right
amount of air into the turbine chamber
Draft Tube
Main Components
 Working of Cross Flow Turbine

• The water flows over and under the inlet guide vane
(guide vane with the casing forms a rectangular nozzle)
which directs flow to ensure that the water hits the rotor
at the correct angle for maximum efficiency
• The water then flows over the upper rotor blades,
producing a torque on the rotor, then through the center
of the rotor and back across the low rotor blades
producing more torque on the rotor
• Most of thepower is extracted by the upper blades
(roughly 75%) and the remaining 25% by the lower
blades
Working of Cross Flow Turbine
 Advantages of Cross Flow Turbine

• Self-cleaning to a degree in that leaves, etc. that could

get pushed into and stuck on the upper blades are
washed off by the exiting water on the lower blades
• Wide operating flow range with a high efficiency across
the whole range
• Easy to fabricate