CRYPTOGRAPHY

THE PROCESS OR SKILL OF COMMUNICATING IN OR

DECIPHERING SECRET WRITINGS OR CIPHERS
SHORT: SECRET WRITING

3 CIPHERS YOU NEED TO KNOW

-CAESAR-CIPHER
-VERNAM-CIPHER
-VIGENERE-CIPHER
 CAESAR-CIPHER
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

- Moves along the alphabet

- Example (Shifted 3 adjustments):
Plaintext: Example
Ciphertext: Hadpsoh
In the test:
- You will be given a word to decipher, or a word to cipher.
- Capitalization does not matter.(Not case sensitive)
 CAESAR-CIPHER
Test yourself(Answers at the end):
Use the Caesar-cipher to encrypt with 5 adjustments:
Peace , Zebra , Handbag
Use the Caesar-cipher to decrypt with 4 adjustments:
Wgviir , Viqsxi , Hsri
Automatic cipher/decipher:
https://www.dcode.fr/caesar-cipher
 VERNAM-CIPHER
plaintext E X A M P L E S
5 24 1 13 16 12 5 19
key S E C U R I T Y
19 5 3 21 18 9 20 25
Sum 24 29 4 34 34 21 25 44
mod 26 24 3 4 8 8 21 1 18
cipher text X C D H H U A R

Uses a key to encrypt a message

In this example the key is “SECURITY”
The text that we would like to encrypt is “EXAMPLES”
In the test:
Table will be given.
Only encrypt text with the key.(Write down all your calculations for marks)
 VERNAM-CIPHER

• Special cases: Key is longer than the plaintext or plaintext is longer than the
key.
• If the plaintext is longer than the key, repeat the key(Plaintext: Horses, key:
Hay) plaintext H O R S E S
key H A Y H A Y

• If the key is longer than the plaintext: Use only part of the key(Plaintext: Ball,
key: Player): plaintext B A L L
key P L A Y
 VERNAM-CIPHER

• Test yourself(Answers at the end):

plaintext P E O P L E

key A D M I N S

Sum
mod 26
cipher text
 VIGENERE-CIPHER
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
B B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A
C C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B
D D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y A B C D
E E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D
F F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E
G G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F
H H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G
I I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H
J J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I
K K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J
L L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K
M M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L
N N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M
O O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
P P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
Q Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P
R R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q
S S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R
T T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S
U U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T
V V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U
W W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V
X X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W
Y Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X
Z Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y
 A B C D E F G
A A B C D E F G
B B C D E F G H

VIGENERE-CIPHER C
D
E
C
D
E
D
E
F
E
F
G
F
G
H
G
H
I
H
I
J
I
J
K
F F G H I J K L
G G H I J K L M
H H I J K L M N
I I J K L M N O
J J K L M N O P

• Plaintext: Examples K
L
K
L
L
M
M
N
N
O
O
P
P
Q
Q
R
M M N O P Q R S

• Key: Security N
O
P
N
O
P
O
P
Q
P
Q
R
Q
R
S
R
S
T
S
T
U
T
U
V

• Answer: wbcggtxq
Q Q R S T U V W
R R S T U V W X
S S T U V W X Y
T T U V W X Y Z
U U V W X Y Z A
V V W X Y Z A B
W W X Y Z A B C
X X Y Z A B C D
Tip: Use your ruler, so you don’t make a mistake. Y
Z
Y
Z
Z
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
E
E
F

Same special cases for Vernam-cipher applies to the keys length.

 VIGENERE-CIPHER

• Test yourself(Answers at the end):

• Plaintext: Successfully
• Key: Completed
Caesar-cipher: ANSWERS
Encrypt:
Decrypt:
Vigenere:
Peace = Ujfhj Wgviir =
Screen Uiorpwljxnzk
Zebra = Eigwf Viqsxi =
Remote
Handbag = Lerhfek Hsri = Done
plaintext P E O P L E
Vernam: 16 5 15 16 12 5
key A D M I N S
1 4 13 9 14 19
Sum 17 9 28 25 26 24
mod 26 17 9 2 25 26 24
cipher text Q I B Y Z X