Negative emotional

Stressful or not?
experience:
Primary and
STRESS biochemical,
secondary
physiological,
appraisal
cognitive &
behavioural changes

Stressors:
• Negative
• Uncontrollable Individual differences
• Overload
• Central life
• Fight or flight
aspects
• Occupational • Tend and befriend
Physiology • (Oxytocin)
stress
• Multiple roles
of Stress: • Selye’s GAS
• SAM
• HPA axis
• Cortisol
NB
Moderators of stress
Physiological
coping
recovery
CHRONIC STRESS

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 Chapter 7:
Coping, resilience and
social support

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Objectives
• Coping resources
• Coping styles
• External resources
• Social support
• Types of support
• Moderation of stress by social support
• Matching hypothesis

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• Stress moderators: refer to factors that modify how stress is
experienced and the effects it has

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 Coping with Stress
•PEOPLE RESPOND DIFFERENTLY TO STRESS
•Impact depends on how it is

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 Coping resources
EXAMPLES OF THINGS WE CAN USE TO HELP US COPE
WITH STRESS:

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 Coping resources
•SOURCES OF RESILIENCE:
PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE:

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 Coping style
•INTERNAL RESOURCES
•A GENERAL TENDENCY TO DEAL WITH STRESSFUL
EVENTS IN A PARTICULAR WAY

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 Coping
• EXAMPLES OF EXTERNAL RESOURCES:

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Coping interventions
• Not everyone is able to cope with stress successfully on
their own
• Develop interventions to help people cope

(Taylor & Stanton, 2021)

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 Coping Interventions
•MINDFULNESS TRAINING:

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)

•EXPRESSIVE WRITING:

Writing designed to encourage emotional expression

Unable to talk about certain events
RELAXATION TRAINING:
• Affects physiological experience of stress
• Reducing arousal
• Deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation
• Reduce heart rate, blood pressure, muscle tension and anxiety

711 (Taylor & Stanton, 2021) © 2012 McGrawHill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Social Support

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 Social Support
•WHAT IS SOCIAL SUPPORT?

SEVERAL FORMS:
 TANGIBLE ASSISTANCE
 INFORMATIONAL SUPPORT
 EMOTIONAL SUPPORT
 INVISIBLE SUPPORT

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Effect of social support on illness
and health habits

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 Moderation of stress by social support
WHAT ROLE DOES SOCIAL SUPPORT PLAY IN
MODERATING THE EFFECTS OF STRESS?

DIRECT EFFECTS HYPOTHESIS:

BUFFERING HYPOTHESIS:

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 Support
•Providing support: benefits on physical and mental

health

•Enhancing social support:

NB priority
Internet-based support (facebook, twitter)

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Important for Chapter 7
• Coping resources
• Internal and External resources
• Coping styles

• Social support
• Types of support
• Moderation of stress by social support
• Matching hypothesis

© 2012 McGrawHill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.