MALARIA

IT’S A MOSQUITO BORNE TROPICAL DISEASE

CAUSED BY 5 SPECIES OF GENUS- Plasmodium

P. Falciparum
P. vivax
P. ovale
P. malariae
P. knowlesi
IT IS TRANSMITTED BY THE BITE OF INFECTED
FEMALE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES

IT IS TRANSPLACENTAL AND SPREAD VIA BLOOD

TRANSFUSION

IT MAINLY AFFECTS THE HEPATOCYTES AND RBCs

AFFECTED AREAS
World Health Organization estimates that India
has 15 million cases of malaria with 19,500–
20,000 deaths annually vs. ∼2 million cases and
1,000 deaths reported

90-95% of patients with malaria have P vivax

infections and remaining 5-10% are due to
P falciparum
Sporozoites are infective form present in
salivary glands of mosquitoes

After bite these forms enter the bloodstream

Thus man is considered as intermediate host

whereas mosquito is considered as a definitive
host
PRE-ERYTHROCYTIC PHASE

Multiple nuclear divisions

occurs in liver forming
Schizonts

Each schizont consist of

20000-50000 merozites
Merozoites are pear shaped, 1-5 microns in diameter

The receptors for merozoites are present on RBCs

ERYTHROCYCTIC PHASE

THE RUPTURED RBC IN LIVER THEN RELEASE THE

MEROZOITES WHERE THEY DIVIDES INTO MALE
AND FEMALE GAMETOCYTES

THEY ARE DEVELOPED INSIDE THE RBCs

The further development of gametocyctes occur
in mosquito therefore called as sexual cycle

Fertilisation occurs between the

microgametocyte and macrogametocyte

zygote----ookinete-- oocyst--- sporozoites