Introduction to Buidling

Construction & Materials

CL 302
 Hello!
I am Rihan Maaz
Area of Specialization : Structural
Engg

Seating : B 210
rihan.maaze@nirmauni.ac.in
 Curriculum Outline
Teaching Scheme Weightage
3 Lectures Per Week
60 % for Continous
Evaluation
40 % for Semester End
Examination

✋👆👉👍👦👧💃🏃❤😂😉😋😒😭📖🔨🎃
Inspiring

“
 What are Building
Materials ?
List out the Materials required to construct a Structure ?

Why it is necessary to Learn ?

What are the Application of this Subject ?

Introduction to Course

• A civil engineer's basic concern is to design, construction,

supervision and maintenance of different types of structures such as
buildings, roads, bridges, dams, canals, water reservoir and many
more.

• A key element in field practice is to deal with different types of

materials. This requires drawing up detailed specifications, selecting
materials, storage, sampling and testing etc.

• A study of this aspects of materials and application in construction is

very important for any civil engineer.
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Syllabus
 Introduction: Importance & introduction to basic building materials and their suitability.
Physical & mechanical properties.

 Stone: Definition, classification, quarrying and dressing, use, advantages, testing, common
building stones, characteristic of good building stone, deterioration, preservation, artificial
stone

 Aggregates: Qualities, classification, sources, use.

 Clay products: Brick: Introduction, constitutes, Manufacturing, classification, properties and

testing, special types of bricks, Substitutes for bricks: Concrete block, and special types of
bricks.

 Tiles & Terracotta :manufacturing, types, earthenware and stoneware.

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Syllabus
 Lime: Introduction, classification, manufacturing, slacking, properties, tests,
handling, storage and uses

 Cement: Introduction, ingredients, manufacturing, types and uses.

 Mortar and plaster: Functions and qualities, types.

 Timber: characteristics, classification, sources, structure and growth of tree,

conversion of wood, seasoning, defects, deterioration and preservation, special
timber products and its merits and demerits, use, common timber in India.

 Metals: Ferrous : Introduction, types of iron, steel, manufacturing, market forms,

classification, uses, alloys; Non-ferrous metals: manufacturing, properties, uses and
alloy Corrosion of metal and its prevention.
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Syllabus
 Plastics: Definition, constituents, classification, properties, advantages and
disadvantages, commercial forms of plastics, use of plastics in construction,
fiber reinforced plastics, deformation of plastics.

 Paint & Varnishes: Functions, ingredients, characteristics and types.

 Self-study:
 Commercial forms of plastics, use of plastics in construction, fibre reinforced
plastics, deformation of plastics.

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 Course Learning Outcomes (CLO)

After successful completion of the course,

student will be able to

1. identify various construction

materials
2. know and differentiate elemental
properties of construction materials
3. demonstrate an appropriate
application of construction material

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Teaching Scheme

Exam Weightage Exam Hours

CE LP SEE SEE
3
0.60 0.00 0.40

Lectures/week : 3 Tutorials/week : 0 Practical/week : 0 Credit : 3

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Course Assessment Schemes

CE

Special
Sessional Exam
Class Test 30 M Assignment 30
40 M
M

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Types of Special Assignments

Innovative Assignment (2)

 Preparing Class Room Notes (10) M
 Surprise Quiz (10) M

Chart (01)
 Poster Presentation (10) M

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😉 Text Books / References Books

📖 Parbin Singh, Civil Engineering Materials, S.

K. Kataria & Sons.

📖 M. L. Gambhir and Neha Jamwal,

Building Materials, Tata Mcgrawhill. Civil
Engineering Materials, TTTI, Bhopal

📖 P. C. Varghese, Building Material, Prentice-

Hall of India.

📖 R. K. Rajput, S. Chand. Engineering

Material
Why Building Construction Materials

◉The crux for your construction project relies on an essential

ingredient: proper materials, Construction and its related materials
have been an essential component to human evolution and our
standards of living
◉Any construction work is strongly affected by two important
parameters
1. Climatic Conditions
2. Economic aspect
 Evolution of Building Construction Materials

◉Very initially, buildings were made of perishable materials like leaves,

branches and animal hides.
◉With invention, materials like stone, clay and timber were used
◉Slowly came the age of bricks and concretes
◉industrial revolution, came metals and steel, which was considered as a
revolution of architecture
◉Today, we see buildings made of bricks, concrete, wood, steel and glass.
These materials are no more a revolution.
Building Materials in India
◉ Mud
◉ Mud Plaster
◉ Mud Burnt Bricks
◉ Lime and Lime Mortar
◉ Stones
◉ Wood Construction
◉ Cement and Concrete Construction
◉ Steel Evolution
Mud House (bhunga) of Kutch
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Mud Houses
 Mud construction is the use of unfired clay.
 Mud is one of the oldest construction materials ever used.
 Even today in India around 58% of the population uses mud as the primary
construction bulk. Although, mud is considered as a weak and unsustainable material
by the common folk, modern construction techniques and improvement of mud as a
construction material has managed to do away with its cons, leaving behind only the
pros to enjoy.
 Therefore if you think that it is a poor man’s resource and is suitable for rural huts
only- you are very wrong.
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KNOW BEFORE YOU CHOOSE MUD

 If you are seriously looking for a sustainable mud construction, the delights of
mud are many.
 Energy efficient, as the entire energy employed to bake the bricks in kiln is
saved-mud bricks are baked under the sun
 Cost effective mud is a cheaper material- Rs 150/sq ft for brick is much
higher compared to Rs 20/sq ft for mud.
 Interior temperatures are low keeping down electricity use.
 Recycle and Reuse– add some water and it is back to its plastic form again.

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Limitations
 Not suitable for regions affected by
storms and floods.
 Prone to termite attack, which often
leads to deterioration of timber
products in the house.
WHY AND WHEN WILL YOU
CHOOSE MUD?
Mud houses are cheaper to build.
 They are eco-friendly and promote
healthier living.
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 Well insulated-cool in summer and
warm in winters
 You will be contributing towards
a better environment.
 Mud houses are very elegant and
aristocrat.
 So, if you are suffering from a mere
prejudice that a mud house will make
you look a stone-age man, shun it all off
and be proud cause you have
contributed towards the environment.
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Bhunga of Kutch Mud Houses in Kerala

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Mud Buldings
 16 stories tall and 40 m high
 Shibam town in yemen

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