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Hardening Soil
Hardening Soil
Hardening Soil
Parameter Selection
Stein Sture
Professor of Civil Engineering
University of Colorado at Boulder
Contents
Introduction
Stiffness Modulus
Triaxial Data
Plasticity
HS-Cap-Model
Simulation of Oedometer and Triaxial Tests on
Loose and Dense Sands
Summary
Computational Geotechnics Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection
Introduction
Hardening Soils
Most soils behave in a nonlinear behavior soon after application of shear
stress. Elastic-plastic hardening is a common technique, also used in PLAXIS.
qf
Rf
qa
E ur 3E 50
Hyperbolic stress strain response curve of Hardening Soil model
Computational Geotechnics
Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection
Stiffness Modulus
Elastic unloading and reloading (Ohde, 1939)
We use the two elastic parameters ur and Eur
' m
c cot
E urref 3
ref p ref 100kPa
c cot p
1
Gur E ur
2(1 )
Initial (primary) loading
m
'3 c cot
E 50 E 50 ref
ref
p c cot
'3 sin c cos m
E ref
ref
p sin c cos
50
Oedometer tests
'y
E oed E oed
ref
p ref
'x
E 50 E 50
ref
p ref
Comparison of normalized stiffness moduli from oedometer and
Triaxial test
qa q
21
E 50 qa q
m
'
sin c cos
E 50 E 50
ref 3
ref
p sin c cos
Equi-g lines (Tatsuoka, 1972) for dense Toyoura Sand
qf
qa M( p c cot )R1
f
Rf
6sin
M
3 sin
Yield and failure surfaces for the Hardening Soil model
3D extension
In order to extent the model to general 3D states in terms of stress, we use
a modified expression for q in terms of q˜ and the mobilized angle of
internal friction m
with
3 sin m 6sin m
g q M ( p c cot m ) M
3 sin m 3 sin m
p
1 12 12 sin 12 12 sin
p g g
2 12
p
13 12 2 2 sin 13
1 1
0
12 13
p
0
1
1
2 sin
2
3
p
with
sin m sin cv
sin m
1 sin m sin cv
cv p p
Primary soil parameters and standard PLAXIS settings
C [kPa] ’ [o] [o] E50 [Mpa]
0
Eur = 3 E50
30-40
Vur = 0.2
0-10
Rf = 0.9
40
m = 0.5 Pref = 100 kPa
Assume E50 = 0.7 Eu and use graph by Duncan & Buchignani (1976) to estimate Eu
Eu 1.4 E50
2cu
M
Flow rule
gc f c (Associated flow)
Hardening law
For isotropic compression we assume
p p 1 Kc
v
p
p with H Ks
Kc Ks H Ks Kc
g
pc H H c
p
2H c p
v
pc
2 3
Yield surfaces of the extended HS model in p-q space (left) and in the deviatoric plane (right)
Computational Geotechnics Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection
HS-Cap-Model
1 = 2 = 3