Universiteti Politeknik i Tiranës

Fakulteti i Teknologjisë Informative

INXHINIERI
ELEKTRONIKE dhe TELEKOMUNIKACIONI
Sistemet Satelitore
(Komunikimet Satelitore)

Dr. Sc. Shkelzen Cakaj

Tiranë
Prill, 2024
Dr. Shkelzen Cakaj 1
Space orbital parameters

• The position of the orbital

plane in space
• Location of the orbit in
orbital plane
• Position of the satellite in
the orbit
• The shape of orbit

Dr. Shkelzen Cakaj 2

Space orbital parameters

Dr. Shkelzen Cakaj 3

Line of nodes

Dr. Shkelzen Cakaj 4

Longitude & latitude

Dr. Shkelzen Cakaj 5

Longitude & latitude

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 Ground tracks

• Inclination of the orbit determines the maximum

latitude the ground track will reach
•
Inclination

Dr. Shkelzen Cakaj 8

Ground tracks

Dr. Shkelzen Cakaj 9

Effect of Earth’s rotation
Ground tracks

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 Ground tracks
III.Ground Tracks

C B A

-120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60

A - time zero
B - after one orbit Dr. Shkelzen Cakaj 84
C - after two orbits Dr. Shkelzen Cakaj 12
Communication line

Dr. Shkelzen Cakaj 13

 Satellite from the ground station

• Slant range
• Look angles of a satellite
• Line of sight
• Earth coverage
• Ground tracks

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Horizon plane

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Horizon plane

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 Horizon Plane

• Horizon plane:
- Ideal (0º elevation)
- Practical (Different elevation)
- Designed (Defined elevation)
• Designed horizon plane: (5-30)º

Dr. Shkelzen Cakaj 17



Satellite and ground station geometry

  H  RE 
2 
d  RE     cos 2  0  sin  0 
  RE  
 

cos  0  cos L cos  cos l  sin  sin l

L dhe l - kordinatat e pikes P

- gjeresia gjeografike e pikes T


Dr. Shkelzen Cakaj 18

IV.Satellite and ground station geometry

Dr. Shkelzen Cakaj 19



Satellite and ground station geometry

  H  RE 
2 
d  RE     cos  0  sin  0 
2

  RE  
 



Dr. Shkelzen Cakaj 20

 IV. Horizon plane
H = 1200km
Ground station - satellite distance
for different orbital attitudes (H) H = 1100km

H = 1000km
H=600km H=700km H=800km H=900km
H=1000km H=1100km H=1200km H = 900km

4500 H = 800km

H = 700km
4000
H = 600km
3500

3000 Ground Station

2830km
Distance (km)

2500

2000

1500

4088km
1000

500

0
0º 10º 20º 30º 40º 50º 60º 70º 80º 90º
Maximal Elevation

Dr. Shkelzen Cakaj 21

 Satellite motion parameters
• The satellite motion 2
parameters  T 
r  3  
- Radius
 2 
- Orbital time
- Velocity 3
r
T  2


v
r
Dr. Shkelzen Cakaj 22
 ISS

Dr. Shkelzen Cakaj 23

Radar Map
Krahasime