Introduction to Computers

Computers are powerful electronic devices that can perform a wide range of
tasks, from processing data to enabling communication and entertainment. They
have become an integral part of our daily lives, revolutionizing the way we work,
learn, and interact with the world.

by Shujon Sarker
What is a Computer?
1 Electronic Device
A computer is an electronic
device that can process,
store, and manipulate data
according to a set of
instructions.
2 Input and Output
Computers receive input
from various sources, such
as keyboards, mice, or
sensors, and produce
output in the form of text,
images, or sound.
3 Programmable
Computers are
programmed using
software, which are sets of
instructions that tell the
computer how to perform
specific tasks.
How Computers Work
1 Input
Data is entered into the computer through input devices like keyboards, mice, or
sensors.

2 Processing
The computer's processor, or CPU, processes the input data according to the
instructions in the software.

3 Storage
The processed data is then stored in the computer's memory or storage devices, such
as hard drives or solid-state drives.
Computer Components
Motherboard
The main circuit board that
connects all the other
components of the computer.
Processor (CPU)
The central processing unit
(CPU) is the "brain" of the
computer, responsible for
executing instructions and
performing calculations.
Memory (RAM)
Random Access Memory (RAM)
stores the data and instructions
that the CPU needs to access
quickly.
Types of Computers
Desktops Laptops
Traditional desktop computers are designed for Laptops are portable, all-in-one computers that
stationary use, with a separate monitor, keyboard, combine the display, keyboard, and input devices
and mouse. into a single, compact device.

Tablets Smartphones
Tablets are lightweight, touchscreen devices that Smartphones are advanced, pocket-sized mobile
are primarily used for web browsing, media devices that can perform a wide range of tasks,
consumption, and basic productivity tasks. from communication to entertainment.
Desktops vs. Laptops
Desktops
Desktops are generally more
powerful and customizable, with
better performance and a wider
range of hardware options.
Laptops
Laptops are portable and
convenient, making them better
suited for on-the-go use, but they
may have limited upgrade
options.
Hybrid Devices
Some devices, like 2-in-1
laptops, combine the portability
of a laptop with the versatility of
a tablet.
Computer Configurations
Tower
The classic desktop configuration with a separate tower, monitor, and input devices.

All-in-One
An integrated design where the computer's components are housed within the display.

Mini
Compact, space-saving computers that are ideal for limited-space environments.
Cost of Computer Parts
Processor (CPU) $100 - $500

Memory (RAM) $50 - $200

Storage (SSD/HDD) $50 - $500

Graphics Card $150 - $1,000

Power Supply $50 - $200

The cost of computer parts can vary widely depending on the brand, performance, and features. Building a custom
computer allows for more flexibility in choosing components to fit your budget and needs.