Cells are like people, just very

small. They are made up of lots of

different parts with different

functions. These parts are called

organelles. These are like organs in

a person.
nucleus

The nucleus is like the brain

of a person. The brain control all cell activities.

√ Feature: Large round darkly stained.

√ Location: Centre of the cell.
√ Function: Control all cell activities.
 Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum is like a blood vessel because
they transport needed nutrients to other parts of the body.

√ Feature: Continuous membrane system. Have ribosome.

√ Location: Continuous with the outer membrane of

the nucleus and scattered extensively in cell.

√ Function: Processing, folding and

modification of protein.
 Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth ER is just like a liver. The liver clean out waste

given off by the digestion of food.

√ Feature: continuous membrane system. Do not have ribosome.

√ Location: continuous with the outer membrane of the

nucleus and scattered extensively in the cell.

√ Functions: synthesis lipids and carries out

detoxification of drugs.
Ribosomes

Ribosome are like bone marrow, in that bone marrow

create blood like that ribosome create protein.

√ Feature: Tiny dot-like structure.

√ Location: Attached to endoplasmic
reticulum or free in cytoplasm.
√ Function: Synthesis proteins.
Golgi apparatus
Intestine are like the golgi bodies because they transport the nutrients that
were extracted from food to where they can be distribute throughout the
body.

√ Feature: Stack of flattened sacs called cisternae which are

not interconnected.

√ Location: close to the endoplasmic reticulum.

√ Functions: Modifies, sorts and packages
proteins into secretory vesicles and
transports them out of the cell.
 Lysosomes
Kidneys are like lysosomes, they clean out any waste that is in body.

√ Feature: Membranes bound by vesicles produced by

golgi apparatus.
√ Location: Can be found anywhere in the
cytoplasm.
√ Function: Contains hydrolytic enzymes
which hydrolyse organic molecules. Break down old
parts of the cell so that it stays clean.
Peroxisomes

√ Feature: Membranes bounded vesicles that

contains enzymes.

√ Location: In cytoplasm.

√ Functions vary amongst cells

In liver cells, they metabolize fats

or produce bile.

In germinating plant cells, they

oxidise fatty acids.
 Mitochondrion
The mitochondria is like insulin in that insulin helps
dissolve sugar and provide energy.

√ Feature: inner membrane(cristae) bounded by an outer

membrane.
√ Location: in cytoplasm. All cells except
prokaryotes.
√ Function : "power stations" of cell.
Makes ATP energy from oxygen and
sugars.
Cytoskeleton

√ Feature: A series of intercellular protein.

√ Location: Spread out through the cell.
√ Function: Give support and shape
of cell.
 Centrioles

√ Feature: Paired cylinder and held at right angles to

each other.
√ Location: Found in centrosomes of animal
cells.
√ Function: Help to organize the assembly
of microtubules during cell
division.
Flagella and cilia
Flagella and cilia are just like the legs, in that
legs help transport the body.

√ Feature: (i) Cilia: 9-2 arrangement of microtubules. Short, but

numerous.
(ii)Flagella: 9-2 arrangement of microtubules. Long,
but few in number.
√ Location: (i)Cilia - Animal cells, Protozoans.
(ii)Flagella - Bacterial cells & Protozoans .
√ Function: Aid in cell movement and feeding.
Vacuole
Vacuole are like the tissues in the body because
it is where a lot of water is stored in the body.

√ Feature: Large membranous sacs.

√ Location: Only present in plant cell.
√ Function: Store water, food and
dispose of waste.
Chloroplast
√ Feature: Green organelles, oval or dislike in
shape.
√ Location: a sort of biochemical opposite
to the mitochondria. Only
present in plant cell.
√ Function: turn sunlight into energy.
The end..