STATIC GK

GANDHIAN ERA
(1915-1948)
 GANDHIAN ERA

Date and Place of Birth: 2Oct. 1869 and

Porbandar, Gujarat.
Father: Karamachand Gandhi,
Mother: Putali Bai,
Political Guru: Gopal Krishna Gokhale,
Private Secretary: Mahadev Desai
 GANDHIAN ERA
1915

On January 9, 1915, Mahatma Gandhi arrived in Bombay,

India.Satvagraha Ashrama's Kocharab, close to Ahmedabad,
foundation (20 May) Ashrama relocated to the Sabarmati
River's banks in 1917 and undertook an all-India tour.
 GANDHIAN ERA
1916

On February 4, he delivered a speech at the opening

ceremony of Banaras Hindu University - BHU.

He is not involved in politics (though he attended Lucknow

session of INC held in 26 - 30 Dec., 1916, where Raj Kumar
Shukla, a cultivator from Bihar, requested him to come to
Champaran.)
 GANDHIAN ERA
1917

Gandhi entered politics actively with the Champaran

campaign to address the complaints of the Bihar cultivators
who were being oppressed by the indigo planters (April 1917).
His first civil disobedience movement in India was the
Champaran Satyagraha.
 GANDHIAN ERA
1918
Gandhi started the industrial workers' uprising in
Ahmedabad in February 1918.

Gandhi first employed a hunger strike as a weapon

during the conflict in Ahmedabad. Gandhi assisted Gujarati
villagers in Kheda who were having trouble paying their
rent as a result of crop failure in March 1918.

He started his first non-cooperation movement with

Kheda Satyagraha.
 GANDHIAN ERA
1919
On April 6, 1919, Gandhi issued a call for a satyagraha
in opposition to the Rowlatt Act and for the first time
assumed leadership of the nationalist movement.

Gandhi returned the Kaisar-i-Hindu gold medal on April

13, 1919, in opposition to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

Gandhi was chosen as the All India Khilafat

Conference's president (Nov. 1919, Delhi).
 GANDHIAN ERA
1920 – 22

Gandhi is the leader of the Khilafat and Non-

Cooperation Movement (Aug. 1, 1920 - Feb., 1922). After
the violent episode at Chauri-Chaura on February 5, 1922,
Gandhi decides to end his movement (Feb. 12, 1922).

Gandhi introduced the first mass-based politics with the

Non-Cooperation Movement.
 GANDHIAN ERA
1924

Gandhi was chosen as the Congress's president for the

first and final time at the INC session at Belgaum,
Karnataka, in 1924.
 GANDHIAN ERA
1930 – 34

With his Dandi march/Salt Satyagraha, Gandhi begins

the Civil Disobedience Movement (First Phase: 12 March
1930 - 5 March1931; Gandhi - Irwin Pact: 5 March 1931;
Gandhi attends the Second Round Table Conference in
London as sole representative of the Congress: 7 Sep. –1
Dec. 1931, Second Phase: 3 Jan. 1932 - 17 April 1934).
 GANDHIAN ERA
1934 – 39

Gandhi stops participating in politics and establishes

Sevagram (Vardha Ashram)Gandhi starts the Individual
Satyagraha Movement in 1940–1941.
 GANDHIAN ERA
1940-41

Gandhi starts the Individual Satyagraha Movement in

1940–1941.
 GANDHIAN ERA
1942

Call to Quit India in 1942 Gandhi and the Congress

leaders were arrested as part of the 'Do or Die' movement
(we will either free India or die trying) (9 Aug. 1942).
 GANDHIAN ERA
1942 – 44

Gandhi was detained at the Aga Khan Palace near Pune

(9 Aug. 1942 - May, 1944).

Gandhi lost his wife Kasturba on February 22, 1944,

and this was Gandhi's final prison stint, according to
private secretary Mahadev Desat.
 GANDHIAN ERA
1946

Gandhi, who was very troubled by the outbreak of inter

communal violence in response to the Muslim League's
call for Direct Action, travelled to Noakhali (East Bengal,
which is now Bangladesh) and afterwards to Calcutta to
bring about inter communal harmony.
 GANDHIAN ERA
1947

Gandhi, who was extremely upset with the Mountbatten

Plan/Partition Plan (3 June 1947), remained in Calcutta to
encourage racial tensions, and on August 15, 1947, the
nation of India gained its independence.In September
1947, Gandhi returns to Delhi.
 GANDHIAN ERA
1948

On January 30, 1948, Gandhi was travelling to Birla

House for the evening prayer service when Nathu Ram
Godse shot him to death. He passed away while saying,
"Hey Ram."
 FACTS ABOUT GANDHI
UNO declared 2 Oct. as 'International Non - violence Day'(Antarrashtriya Ahinsa
Diwas)

Literary Influences on Gandhi: John Ruskin's Unto This Last Emerson,

Thoreau, Leo Tolstoy, the Bible
and the Gita.

Literary Works: Sarvoday (1908) - translation of 'Unto this last’ in Gujarati,

Hind Swaraj (1909), My Experiments with Truth (Autobiography, 1927) - reveals
events of Gandhi's life upto 1922.

As an Editor:
 Indian Opinion: 1903 - 15 (in English and Gujarati, for a short period in Hindi and
Tamil).Harijan: 1919 - 31 (in English, Gujarati and Hindi),
 Young India: 1933 - 42 (in English and Gujarati - named Navjeevan)
 FACTS ABOUT GANDHI
Other Names:

Mahatma (Saint) - by Rabindranath Tagore, 1917;

Malang Baba/ Nanga Faqir (Naked Saint) by Kabailis of
North
- West Frontier, 1930;
Half - naked Saint (Ardha Nanga
Faqir)/Indian Faqir/Traitor Faqir - by
Winston Churchill, 1931;
Rashtrapita (the Father of the Nation) -
by Subhash Chandra Bose, 1944.