Multiplicative Reasoning

Year 1
1
#MathsEveryoneCan
Shape B is an enlargement of shape A.

15 cm
𝑥
A 6 cm
B 4 cm

Mo has incorrectly worked out the value of .

Here is his working.

6 cm 2 cm 4 cm and 15 cm 2 cm 13 cm so 13 cm

Explain Mo’s mistake and work out the value of .

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Shape B is an enlargement of shape A.

15 cm
𝑥
A 6 cm
B 4 cm

Mo has incorrectly worked out the value of .

Here is his working.

6 cm 2 cm 4 cm and 15 cm 2 cm 13 cm so 13 cm

Explain Mo’s mistake and work out the value of .

Mo is using addition instead of multiplication. cm
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Here is a pair of similar hexagons.
7.5 cm

3 cm

5 cm 6 cm

4.9 cm

Work out all of the missing lengths on both shapes.

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 Here is a pair of similar hexagons.
7.5 cm
6.5 cm
4.75 cm
3 cm 2.6 cm 12.5 cm
1.9 cm
5 cm 6 cm
2.4 cm
4.9 cm 12.25 cm

Work out all of the missing lengths on both shapes.

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 Prove that triangles ABC and ADE are similar.

Work out the perpendicular height of ABC.

E
C

A 8 cm 10 cm

B
D
15 cm

Is the length scale factor the same as the area scale

factor?
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 Prove that triangles ABC and ADE are similar.
(shared)
(corresponding angles in parallel lines are equal) (corresponding
angles in parallel lines are equal)
Work out the perpendicular height of ABC. 12 cm
E
C

A 8 cm 10 cm

B
D
15 cm
Is the length scale factor the same as the area scale
factor? Area ABC = 48 cm2
Use
No, the calculations
Area to justify
SF is the square of theyour
lengthanswer.
SF Area ADE = 75 cm2
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A train is travelling at a constant speed of 140 km/h.
Work out how far the train will it travel in

6 hours 2.5 hours 30 minutes 20

minutes

Eva says “Distance travelled is directly proportional to the

time travelled”.

Explain why Eva is correct.

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A train is travelling at a constant speed of 140 km/h.
Work out how far the train will it travel in

6 hours 2.5 hours 30 minutes 20

minutes
840 km 350 km 70 km 46. km

Eva says “Distance travelled is directly proportional to the

time travelled”.

Explain why Eva is correct.

e.g. the rate of increase is the same,
for every one hour the train travels 140 km
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Which of the graphs does not represent a directly proportion
relationship? Explain how you know.

Write down a formula to find

the perimeter of a square if given its side length
a length in centimetres if given the length in
millimetres.
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Which of the graphs does not represent a directly proportion
relationship? Explain how you know.
Graph does not pass through (0,0)

Write down a formula to find

𝑃=4 𝑙
the perimeter of a square if given its side length
a length in centimetres if given the length in
millimetres.
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Which of these equations represent direct proportion
relationships?

Euros 1.1 British Pounds Mass Density Volume

Cost of stapler and staples 2 (Number of packs of staples 0.5)

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Which of these equations represent direct proportion
relationships?

Euros 1.1 British Pounds Mass Density Volume

Cost of stapler and staples 2 (Number of packs of staples 0.5)

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and are directly proportional to each other.

Calculate the missing

values
1 in8the table
5
Dexter says, “
56 Dexter is correct. Work
out the800
value of .

Use your equation to find

when 0.35

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and are directly proportional to each other.

Calculate the missing

values
1 in8the table
5 40
Dexter says, “
7 56 𝑘=8
Dexter is correct. Work
100the800
out value of .
𝑏=2.8
Use your equation to find
when 0.35

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is directly proportional to the square of .
Which of the cards are true?

c 𝛼 𝑑 c 𝛼 𝑑2 c 𝛼 𝑘𝑑

c =𝑘× 𝑑 c =𝑘 × 𝑑 c =√ 𝑑
2 2 2
c =𝑘 𝑑

When 25, 2.5

Work out the value of the constant of
proportionality, .
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is directly proportional to the square of .
Which of the cards are true?

c 𝛼 𝑑 c 𝛼 𝑑2 c 𝛼 𝑘𝑑

c =𝑘× 𝑑 c =𝑘 × 𝑑 c =√ 𝑑
2 2 2
c =𝑘 𝑑

When 25, 2.5

Work out the value of the constant of
proportionality, . 𝑘=4
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varies directly with the cube root of .
When 27, 216

Show that when 1000, 45

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varies directly with the cube root of .
When 27, 216

Show that when 1000, 45

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Sort the cards into those that represent density, mass or volume.

8 g/cm3 1 cm3 36.2 g 2 m3 0.01 g/cm3

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Sort the cards into those that represent density, mass or volume.

Density Mass Volume

8 g/cm3 36.2 g 1 cm3

0.01 g/cm3 2 m3

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Lead has a density of 11.3 g/cm3.
Complete the table.

Volume 2 cm3 3 cm3 4 cm3 10 cm3

Mass

Teddy says “mass is directly proportional to volume”.

Explain why Teddy is correct.

Work out the constant of proportionality for lead.

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Lead has a density of 11.3 g/cm3.
Complete the table.

Volume 2 cm3 3 cm3 4 cm3 10 cm3

Mass 22.6 g 33.9 g 45.2 g 113 g

Teddy says “mass is directly proportional to volume”.

Explain why Teddy is correct. e.g. the rate of increase is the same

Work out the constant of proportionality for lead. 11.3

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A piece of tin and a piece of aluminium each have a
mass of 1 kg.
The volume of the piece of tin is 137.74 cm3.
The density of the piece of aluminium is 2.7 g/cm3.
Compare the density, mass and volume of the two
pieces of metal.

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 A piece of tin and a piece of aluminium each have a
mass of 1 kg.
The volume of the piece of tin is 137.74 cm3.
The density of the piece of aluminium is 2.7 g/cm3.
Compare the density, mass and volume of the two
pieces of metal.

Tin Aluminium
Mass (g) 1000 1000
Volume (cm3) 137.74 370.37
Density (g/cm3) 7.26 2.7

e.g. density of tin is more than twice the density of aluminium

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Complete the table.
Cylinder A Cylinder B
Pressure 10 N/cm2
Force 300 N
Area of base
4cm

Volume 2000cm3

5cm

A B
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Complete the table.
Cylinder A Cylinder B
Pressure 23.87 N/cm2 10 N/cm2
Force 300 N 12566 N
Area of base 12.56 cm2 1256.6 cm2
4cm

Volume 2000cm3

5cm

A B
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Complete the table.
Mass Volume Density
100 kg 1 cm3
100 kg 10 cm3
100 kg 20 cm3
100 kg 50 cm3

What happens to the density of an object as the volume

increases?

Sketch a graph of volume verses density on a copy of the

axis shown.
What are they key features of the graph?
How does this differ from direct proportion?
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Complete the table.
Mass Volume Density
100 kg 1 cm3 100 kg/cm3
100 kg 10 cm3 10 kg/cm3
100 kg 20 cm3 5 kg/cm3
100 kg 50 cm3 2 kg/cm3

What happens to the density of an object as the volume

increases?The density decreases

Sketch a graph of volume verses density on a copy of the

axis shown. e.g. curved, does not
What are they key features of the graph? cross either axis
How does this differ from direct proportion? e.g. curved, does not
go through (0, 0)
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A builder takes 1 day to build a wall.

Alex says “if there were 2 builders it would have taken

them 2 days.”

Explain why is Alex incorrect.

How long will it take 2 builders if they both work at the
same pace?

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A builder takes 1 day to build a wall.

Alex says “if there were 2 builders it would have taken

them 2 days.”

Explain why is Alex incorrect.

e.g. the wall will be built more quickly with more builders
How long will it take 2 builders if they both work at the
same pace? Half a day

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Decide whether each of these relationships are
directly or inversely proportional.

Density of an object
and its volume

Number of days it takes to build a

house and number of builders

Speed of a car and

distance it travels

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Decide whether each of these relationships are
directly or inversely proportional.

Density of an object
Inversely Proportional
and its volume

Number of days it takes to build a

Inversely Proportional
house and number of builders

Speed of a car and

Directly Proportional
distance it travels

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and are inversely proportional to each other.

Calculate the missing values

in the table
1 24
2 12 Annie says “ and so ”
3 Annie is correct. Calculate
the value
6 of .

Use your equation to find

when 1.5

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and are inversely proportional to each other.

Calculate the missing values

in the table
1 24
2 12 Annie says “ and so ”
3 8 Annie is correct. Calculate
𝑘=24
the
4 value
6 of .
𝑥=16
Use your equation to find
when 1.5

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𝑦 Find the value of when 1

is inversely proportional to the

square root of

Dexter writes

Correct Dexter’s mistake and

calculate

Calculate when 100

𝑥

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𝑦 Find the value of when 1
𝑦 =4
is inversely proportional to the
square root of

Dexter writes

Correct Dexter’s mistake and

calculate
𝑘=4
Calculate when 100
𝑥
𝑦 =0.4

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is inversely proportional to the cube of .
When 8, 5

Show that when 64, 2.5

Give as exact answers in simplest form.

Work out when 8

Work out the value of when 10

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is inversely proportional to the cube of .
When 8, 5

Show that when 64, 2.5

Give as exact answers in simplest form.

Work out when 8

Work out the value of when 10

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The ratio of boys to girls at a party is 2 : 5
Three-quarters of the boys wore jeans.

Use the bar models to work out the fraction of

children at the party who were boys wearing jeans.

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The ratio of boys to girls at a party is 2 : 5
Three-quarters of the boys wore jeans.

Wore jeans
Use the bar models to work out the fraction of
children at the party who were boys wearing jeans.

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Mrs Rose has a salary £25 000 per year.

18% of this is spent on taxes and national

insurance.
of her salary is spent on rent.
She gives £10 a month to charity.

She spends the rest on leisure and living costs in the ratio 2 : 3
What percentage of her overall salary did she spend on leisure?

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Mrs Rose has a salary £25 000 per year.

18% of this is spent on taxes and national

insurance. 37.5%
of her salary is spent on rent.
0.04%
She gives £10 a month to charity.

She spends the rest on leisure and living costs in the ratio 2 : 3
What percentage of her overall salary did she spend on leisure?
Charity Leisure Living
Tax & NI Rent

18% 37.5%
44.46%
0.04%
of 44.46% 17.784%
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One morning, a vet treated cats and dogs in the ratio 4 : 5
The same morning, the vet treated cats and rabbits in the
ratio 6 : 1
Write down the ratio of cats to dogs to rabbits treated by
the vet that morning.

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One morning, a vet treated cats and dogs in the ratio 4 : 5
The same morning, the vet treated cats and rabbits in the
ratio 6 : 1
Write down the ratio of cats to dogs to rabbits treated by
the vet that morning.

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The ratio of 1 : 4 and 3 2

Work out the value of when 4

Show that the ratio : 2 : 3

Explain why the ratio : : is 1 : 4 : 6

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The ratio of 1 : 4 and 3 2

Work out the value of when 4 𝑧 =6

Show that the ratio : 2 : 3 𝑦 : 𝑧 =4 : 6=2: 3

Explain why the ratio : : is 1 : 4 : 6

Combine answers from the first two parts of the question

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