ENGINEERING

CHEMISTRY

GLASS ELECTRODE
VAGEESWAR PERLA

23J21A6656

CSM (AI&ML)-B
CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION
 CONSTRUCTION OF GLASS ELECTRODE
 WORKING OF GLASS ELCTRODE
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF GLASS
ELECTRODE
What is a glass electrode?

 It is widely used for measurement of PH in combination with refence electrode.

 Glass electrodes are membrane electrodes containing a glassy ( non
crystalline) solid membrane as recognition element.
 This material is in a supercooled liquid state and typically based on silicon
oxide network that is doped with a relatively high concentration of lithium
and/or sodium oxide and other metal oxides.
Construction and working of glass electrode :
 It consists of a glass bulb made from low melting point and high electrical
conductivity.
 Some times the electrode contains a small amount of AgCl precipitate inside
the glass electrode.
 Internal solution, usually 0.1m of HCL for pH electrodes.
 Internal electrode, usually silver chloride electrode or calomel electrode.
 Body of electrode, made from non-conductive glass or plastics.
 Reference electrode, usually the same type as 4.
 Junction with studied solution, usually made from ceramics or capillary with
asbestos or quartz fibre.
Working:
 It consists of thin walled glass bulb containing AgCl-coated Ag electrode or
simply at platinum electrode in 0.1m HCL.
 HCl in the bulb furnishes a constant H+ ion concentration .Thus it is a silver –
silver chloride electrode, reversible with respect of chloride ions.
 When two solutions of different pH values are separated by a thin glass
membrane, there develops a difference of potential between two surfaces of
the membrane. The potential difference developed is proportional to the
difference in pH value.
 The glass membrane functions as an ion – exchange resin, and an equilibrium
is set up between the Na+ ions of glass and H+ ion concentration.
 The potential difference varies with the H+ ion concentration
 It is represented as:-
Ag / AgCl ( s) , HCl ( 0.1 M ) / Glass or Pt, 0.1 M HCl / Glass.
ADVANTAGES:
 It is easy to operate and simple.
 Equilibrium is easily reached.
 It gives accurate values.
DISADVANTAGES:
 It is made of delicate glass blub
therefore it should be handled
carefully.
 It can be used in solutions pH
range 0-10 respectively.
 It can not be employed in in pure
ethyl alcohol , acetic acid and
gelatine.
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