Unit 3.2 - 3 Phase Balanced & Unbalanced Loads

Basic Electrical Technology
[ELE 1071]
Three Phase AC Circuits
L22, L23– Star & Delta Connected Balanced Loads & Unbalanced loads
Wednesday, June 19, 2024 Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engg., MIT - Manipal 1
Topics Covered
Analysis of balanced/unbalanced star/delta connected loads

with 3 phase excitation.
Phase and line voltage/current relations.
Neutral shift and circulating currents with unbalanced
loads.
RECAP

 Sum of all three Phase voltages = Zero

 Sum of all three Line Voltages = Zero
 Line Voltage = √3 (Phase Voltage)
 Phase Sequence RYB & RBY
 3 Phase supply can be 3 wire or 4 wire
 3 Phase load can be Star or Delta
Balanced and Unbalanced Load
Balanced Load – All the three phase impedances are same

ZR = ZY = ZB = R ± JX
So, the Phase Currents will be same in all three phases
Unbalanced Load – All the three phase impedances are not equal. So
the phase currents will be not be same.
3 , 4 Wire System with Y Load
Consider the 3 phase star load connected to a 4 wire balanced source.
IR
R R′
VRN VR′O
VRN
N IN
ZR
N
VBN VYN VY′O
O
Y IY ZB
ZY
VYN Y′ B′
VBN
VB′O
B IB
Phase Voltages of Load, Neutral Current:

^ =𝑉
𝑉 ^
𝑅′𝑂 𝑅𝑁 + +
^
𝑉 ^
𝑌 ′𝑂 = 𝑉 𝑌𝑁 (If )
^
𝑉 =𝑉^
𝐵 ′𝑂 𝐵𝑁
Balanced Y Connected Load
If 𝑍 𝑅 =𝑍 𝑌 =𝑍 𝐵 =𝑍 θ
R
Then,
VRO ZR
Phase Voltages: VRY
^ 𝑅  𝑂=𝑉 𝑃h 0 ° VBR VBO
𝑉 ZY O
^
𝑉 𝑌  𝑂=𝑉 𝑃h −120 ° ZB
B
^
𝑉 Y VYO
𝐵  𝑂=𝑉 𝑃h +120 °
VYB
Line Voltages:
^ =𝑉
𝑉 ^ ^
𝑅𝑌 𝑅 𝑂 − 𝑉 𝑌  𝑂
¿𝑉 𝑃h  0°− 𝑉 𝑃h −12 0 °=√ 3 × 𝑉 𝑃h 30 °

^ =𝑉^ ^
𝑉 𝑌𝐵 𝑌  𝑂 − 𝑉 𝐵  𝑂= √ 3 × 𝑉 𝑃h −9 0°
^ =𝑉^
𝑉 − 𝑉^ = √ 3 ×𝑉 15 0 °
𝐵𝑅 𝐵 𝑂 𝑅𝑂 𝑃h
Illustration 01
3 similar coils each having resistance of 20Ω and an inductance of
0.05H are connected in star to a 3 phase 4 wire 50Hz 400V supply.
Calculate the line and phase voltages and currents of the load. Also
draw the phasor diagram taking VRN as the reference. Consider phase
sequence of RYB.
𝑉 𝐵𝑁 =𝑉 𝐵𝑂=230.94 ∠ −240 ° 𝑉
𝑉 𝐵𝑅 =400 ∠ 150 ° 𝑉
𝑉 𝑅𝑌 =400∠ 30 ° 𝑉
𝐼 𝐵 =9.081 ∠ 81.85 ° 𝐴
𝑉 𝑅𝑁 =𝑉 𝑅𝑂 =230.94 ∠ 0 ° 𝑉
𝐼 𝑌 =9.081 ∠ −158.14 ° 𝐴
𝐼 𝑅 =9.081∠ − 38.14 ° 𝐴
𝑉 𝑌 𝑁 =𝑉 𝑌 𝑂 =230.94 ∠ − 120° 𝑉
𝑉 𝑌𝐵 =400 ∠ −90 ° 𝑉
Illustration 02
If the impedances are ZR = 10+j20Ω, ZY = 15-j30Ω and ZB = 50Ω in
Illustration 01, find the current neutral current of the circuit.
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
𝐼 𝑅 =10.32 ∠ −63.43 ° 𝐴
𝐼 𝑌 =6.88 ∠ − 56.56 ° 𝐴
𝐼 𝐵 =4.61∠ 120 ° 𝐴
𝐼 𝑁 =12.56 ∠ − 60.94 ° 𝐴
3 , 3 Wire System with  Load
Consider the 3 phase Delta load connected to a 3 wire balanced source.
R IR R′
VRN IR Y
VRN
VBR VRY ZRY ZBR
N
VBN VYN
IB R
Y IY
Y′ IY B B′
ZYB
VYB IB
B
Phase Currents, Line Currents,
^
𝑉 ^
𝑉 ^
𝑉
^
𝐼 𝑅  𝑌 = 𝑅𝑌 ^
𝐼 𝑌  𝐵 = 𝑌𝐵^
𝐼 𝐵  𝑅 =
𝐵 𝑅 
𝑍 𝑅𝑌 𝑍 𝑌𝐵 𝑍 𝐵𝑅
Balanced  Load
IR
If 𝑍 𝑅 =𝑍 𝑌 =𝑍 𝐵 =𝑍 θ R
Then, IRY
VRY ZRY ZBR

Phase Currents:
VBR
𝐼^ 𝑅  𝑌 =𝐼 𝑃h 0 ° IBR
IY
𝐼^ 𝑌  𝐵  =𝐼 𝑃h −120 ° B
Y IYB
𝐼^ 𝐵  𝑅  =𝐼 𝑃h +120 ° VYB
ZYB
IB
Line Currents:
𝐼^ 𝑅 = 𝐼^ 𝑅  𝑌  − 𝐼^ 𝐵 𝑅 
¿ 𝐼 𝑃h  0° − 𝐼 𝑃h +12 0 °= √ 3 × 𝐼 −30 °
𝐼^ 𝑌 = 𝐼^ 𝑌  𝐵  − 𝐼^ 𝑅  𝑌  =√ 3 × 𝐼 𝑃h − 15 0 °
𝐼^ 𝐵 = 𝐼^ 𝐵  𝑅  − 𝐼^ 𝑌  𝐵  =√ 3 × 𝐼 𝑃h  9 0 °
Illustration-3
Three identical loads, Z=8+j6 , are connected in Delta across a balanced 3
phase, 400V, 50 Hz supply. Determine
(i) Phase Currents
(ii) Line Currents
(Reference Voltage) and assume RYB phase sequence
𝐼 𝑅 𝑌 =40 ∠ −36.86 ° 𝐴
𝐼 𝑌𝐵 =40 ∠ −156.88 ° 𝐴
𝐼 𝐵𝑅 =40 ∠ −276.88 ° 𝐴
𝐼 𝑅 =69.28 ∠ − 66.87 ° 𝐴
𝐼 𝑌 =69.28 ∠ 173.1 ° 𝐴
𝐼 𝐵 =69.28 ∠ 53.13 ° 𝐴
Illustration-4
Three loads, ZRY=50+j40 , ZYB=100  and ZBR=80-j60  are connected in
Delta across a balanced 3 phase, 415V, 50 Hz supply. Determine
(i) Phase Currents
(ii) Line Currents and hence draw the complete phasor diagram.
Assume a phase sequence of RYB.
(Reference Voltage)
𝐼 𝑅 𝑌 =6.48 ∠ − 38.65 ° 𝐴
𝐼 𝑌𝐵 =4.15 ∠ −120 ° 𝐴
𝐼 𝐵𝑅 =4.15 ∠ 156.86 ° 𝐴
𝐼 𝑅 =10.53 ∠ − 32.6 ° 𝐴
𝐼 𝑌 =7.15 ∠ 176.36 ° 𝐴
𝐼 𝐵 =5.5 ∠ 108.43 ° 𝐴
3 System with Y Load
3  4 wire Y load
3  3 wire Y load
3 System with Y Connected Load
Consider the 3 phase star load connected to a 3 wire balanced source. Two
mesh currents are assumed to flow as shown in Fig.
IR
R R′
VRN VRN
I1 ZR
N
VBN VYN
O
Y IY ZB
ZY
VBN VYN Y′ B′
I2
B IB
Writing mesh equations,

[ ][ ] [
𝐼^ 1
]
^
𝑉 ^
𝑍𝑅+𝑍𝑌 −𝑍𝑌 𝑅𝑁− 𝑉 𝑌 𝑁
=
− 𝑍𝑌 𝑍𝑌 + 𝑍𝐵 ^𝐼 ^
𝑉 ^
2 𝑌 𝑁− 𝑉 𝐵𝑁
Loop Current Analysis…
Using Cramer’s Rule,
| | | |
^ ^ 𝑍 𝑅 + 𝑍𝑌 ^
𝑉 ^
𝑉 𝑅𝑁 −𝑉 𝑌 𝑁 −𝑍𝑌 𝑅𝑁 − 𝑉 𝑌𝑁
^ −𝑉
𝑉 ^ 𝑍𝑌 + 𝑍 𝐵 ^ −𝑍𝑌 ^ −𝑉
𝑉 ^
𝑌𝑁 𝐵𝑁
𝐼^ 1=
𝑌𝑁 𝐵𝑁
𝐼 2=
| 𝑍𝑅 + 𝑍𝑌
−𝑍𝑌
− 𝑍𝑌
𝑍𝑌 + 𝑍 𝐵 | | 𝑍 𝑅+ 𝑍𝑌
− 𝑍𝑌
− 𝑍𝑌
𝑍𝑌 + 𝑍 𝐵|
The line currents are determined using the following equations:
𝐼^ 𝑅 = 𝐼^ 1
𝐼^ 𝑌 = 𝐼^ 2 − ^𝐼 1
𝐼^ =− 𝐼^
𝐵 2
Illustration-1
Three loads ZR = 1000 Ω; ZY = 15-300 Ω and ZB = 20450 are
connected in star across a balanced, 3 phase, 400 V, RYB supply.
Determine (a) line currents (b) Phase Voltages (c) Neutral shift
voltage, VON. as Reference. I R
R′
Solution:
The three phase load is supplied with a
VRY
balanced supply of 400V, hence the line I1 ZR
voltages appearing across the load are:
O
IY
(Reference Voltage) ZY ZB
Y′ B′
VYB
I2
IB
Illustration-1…
Writing Mesh Equation in Matrix form,
][ ]
^𝐼
[ 10  0+15  − 30
−15  − 30
−15  −30
15  − 30+20  45 ^𝐼
1
2
= [
400  0 °
400  −120 ° ]
Using Cramer’s rule, IR
R′
𝐼^ 1=𝟗 . 𝟕𝟖𝟑 −𝟏𝟕 . 𝟖𝟕 𝐴

VRY
𝐼^ 2=𝟏𝟔 . 𝟔𝟗 −𝟏𝟏𝟔 .𝟔𝟑 𝐴 I1 ZR
O
(i) The line currents are IY
ZY ZB
Y′ B′
𝐼^ 𝑌 = 𝐼^ 2 − ^𝐼 1 =𝟐𝟎.𝟓𝟗 − 𝟏𝟒𝟒.𝟔𝟑 𝐴V YB
IB
I2
𝐼^ 𝐵 =− 𝐼^ 2=𝟏𝟔 .𝟔𝟗 𝟔𝟑 . 𝟑𝟕 𝐴
Illustration-1…
(ii) Phase Voltages are determined using the following equations.
VBR
V
VBN
V
V 
VRY
120
30
VYN
VRN
VYB
Illustration-1 …
(c)Neutral Shift Voltage (Von) IR
R
R
VRO
VRN
VRN VON
ZR
N
VBN VYN
O
Y IY ZY ZB
Y B
B IB
^ −𝑉
Applying KVL, 𝑉 ^ ^
𝑅𝑁 𝑅 𝑂 − 𝑉 𝑂𝑁 =0
^ ¿𝑉
𝑉 ^ −𝑉^
𝑂𝑁 𝑅𝑁 𝑅 𝑂 =1 36.84 −38 . 63 𝑉
Summary
Analysis of balanced/unbalanced three phase

star/delta connected load with 3 phase
balanced excitation is performed.
• For Balanced Star connected load, the

line voltage = 3 x phase voltage.
• For Balanced Delta connected load, the
line current = 3 x phase current.

Unit 3.2 - 3 Phase Balanced & Unbalanced Loads

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Unit 3.2 - 3 Phase Balanced & Unbalanced Loads

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Basic Electrical Technology

Analysis of balanced/unbalanced star/delta connected loads

 Sum of all three Phase voltages = Zero

Balanced Load – All the three phase impedances are same

Phase Voltages of Load, Neutral Current:

¿𝑉 𝑃h  0°− 𝑉 𝑃h −12 0 °=√ 3 × 𝑉 𝑃h 30 °

VRY ZRY ZBR

(Reference Voltage) and assume RYB phase sequence

Writing mesh equations,

𝐼^ 1=𝟗 . 𝟕𝟖𝟑 −𝟏𝟕 . 𝟖𝟕 𝐴

Analysis of balanced/unbalanced three phase

• For Balanced Star connected load, the

You might also like