Foundation

What is Foundation?
 A foundation is the element of any structure
which connects it to the ground, and transfer
loads from the structure to the ground.
 Foundation is a part of the sub structure. Sub
structure is constructed according to soil
quality at that site.

It is of 2 types;
A. Shallow Foundation
B. Deep Foundation
 Shallow Foundation

 If soil have good bearing capacity

than we use shallow foundation in
construction.

 Shallow foundation are also called

spread footings or open footings.

 It is also of different types such as:

 Individual footing
 Strip footing
 Raft foundation
 Deep Foundation:
 A deep foundation is a type of
foundation which transfer building
loads to the earth farther down from
the surface than a shallow
foundation does, to a subsurface
layer or a range of depths.

 It is mainly done by Pile Foundation

Objectives of a Foundation

 Todistribute the total load coming

on the structure on a larger area.
 To support the structures.
 To
prepare a level surface for
concreting and masonry works.
 Togive enough stability to the
structures against various disturbing
forces, such as wind and rain.
 Material Used in Foundation

 Cement:
The function of cement is to combine with water and to
form cement paste.

 Aggregates:
Aggregates are small pieces of broken stone in irregular
size and shapes.
Types of Aggregates:
1. Fine Aggregate
2. Coarse Aggregate
 Water:
It is an important ingredient of concrete because it
combine with cement and forms a binding paste.

 R.C.C:
Though plain cement concrete has high compressive
strength and its tensile strength is relatively low.
 Equipment Used

 Batching Machine:
The measuring of material for making concrete
is known as batching. The machine which used
for batching is known as batching machine.

 Concrete Mixer:
This is a power mechanically operate machine
which is used to mix the concrete.
 Belt Conveyors:
 The process of carrying
the concrete mix from
the place of it’s mixing
to final position of
deposition is termed as
transportation of
concrete.

 At site it is done by belt

conveyors.
Precautions while making foundation

 Foundation should be placed at a depth

where the cracks cease to extend. The
minimum depth of foundation should be at
least 1.5m.
 The main wall of the building must be
provided all round reinforced concrete ties or
bands.
 Try to avoid the direct contact to black cotton
soil with foundation material.
 Conclusion
 Foundation plays an important role
in building construction. In this
presentation we came to know
about types of foundation,
importance of foundation and
precautions while making
foundation etc.
 Tofly high we need a strong base in
a similar way, for strong structure
of building we need strong
foundation.
Thank You