COMPUTER INTERGRATED

MANUFACTURING (CIM)

Presented by
Name : USN
DARSHAN K K 02JST22UME403

MAHADEV SWAMY N 02JST22UME408

PAVAN K S 02JST22UME412
ROHAN K P 02JST22UME417
ROSHAN R 02JST22UME418
Contents
Sheet lamination process
Direct energy deposition techniques
Applications of additive manufacturing
Recent trends in manufacturing
Hybrid manufacturing
 Sheet lamination process(LOM)
 Sheet lamination is a process
in which solid physical
model is made by stacking
layers of sheets.
 Parts of LOM are:-
Material supply roller.
Excess material.
Build platform.
Heated roller.
X-Y plotter.
Laser.
 Working of LOM
 Material supply.
 Applying adhesive.
 Heating lamination.
 Laser cutting.
 Build platform movement.
 Spool rotation.
 Removing of part.
 Post processing.
 Advantages of LOM
Faster and economic.
Material variety.
Low material cost.
Fast production.
Strength.
Residual stresses.
Complex geometries.
Good surface finish.
 Disadvantages of LOM
 Post processing is required.
 Equipment cost.
 Laminated material is used.
 Bonding of sheet laminates require further research.
 Bonding issues.
 Layer visibility.
 Dimensional accuracy.
 Material waste from cutouts.
 Energy consumption.
Directed Energy Deposition (DED)
Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS)
STEPS INVOLVED IN (LENS)
1. A deposition head supplies metal powder to the focus of a
high powered Nd :YAG laser beam to be melted. This laser is
typically directed by fiber optics or precision angled mirrors.
2. The laser is focused on a particular spot by a series of lenses,
and a motion system underneath the platform moves
horizontally and laterally as the laser beam traces the cross-
section of the part being produced. The fabrication process
takes place in a low-pressure argon chamber for oxygen-free
operation in the melting zone, ensuring that good adhesion is
accomplished.
3. When a layer is completed, the deposition head moves up and
continues with the next layer. The process is repeated layer by
layer until the part is completed. The entire process is usually
enclosed to isolate the process from the atmosphere. Generally
the prototypes need additional finishing.
Advantages of (LENS)
1. Superior material properties: The LENS process is
capable of producing fully dense metal parts Metal parts
produced can also include embedded structures and superior
material properties. The microstructure produced is also
relatively good.
2. Complex parts: Functional metal parts with complex
features bare the forte of the LENS system.
3. Reduced post-processing requirements: Post- processing
is minimized, thus reducing cycle time.
Disadvantage of (LENS)
1. Limited materials: the process is currently narrowly
focused to produce only metal parts.
2. Large physical unit size: the units require a relatively
large area to house.
3. High power consumption : the laser system requires
very high wattage.
Application of (LENS)
The LENS technology can be used in the following areas:
1. Build mold and die inserts
2. Producing titanium parts in racing industry
3. Fabricate titanium components for biological
implants
4. Produce functionally gradient structures
 Applications of Additive Manufacturing
Aerospace components produced by AM technology
 A provides a great advantage for use in this industry as well
as.
 Many leading companies in the field support the use of this
technology in the aerospace industry and continue their M
technology is a preferred for aerospace applications.
 Aerospace components are complex structures studies
 Aerospace components produced by AM technology:
 Aerospace components
1. Hing holder produced by Airbus with AM
technology
2. Rolls Royce Trent XWB engine
manufactured with EBM method
3. liquid oxygen flange produced by AM
4. Aerospace hinge part produced with laser
powder bed method
5. Gas turbine engine by 3D printing
6. Bracket connector produced by Airbus
7. leap engine fabricated with AM
8. Bald bracket manufactured by EBM
9. Complex shape Bracket designed with
AM
 Automotive Industry

 The automotive industry comprises a wide range of companies

and organizations involved in the design, development,
manufacturing, marketing, selling, repairing, and modification
of motor vehicles.
Automotive companies that have adopted
additive manufacturing (AM) technology:

BMW 3D Printing Superbike Components at the Track.

The Front-end structure of a Volkswagen Caddy.

Automotive components produced by AM:

(a) model for body panel to be manufactured by AM method,

(b) Ti tailpipe was produced with powder bed fusion.

Working 3D Printer car engine Model
Medical Application
 Recent Trends in Manufacturing
1. Lean Manufacturing: Lean
manufacturing is a production system that
focuses on reducing waste, creating customer
value and seeking continuous process
improvement.

2. Demand Flow Manufacturing:

In demand flow manufacturing, products
are made in small quantities and move rapidly
through the production process. This allows
manufacturers to respond quickly to customer
demand and produce a high-quality product.
3. Just-In-Time: Just-in-time, or JIT, is an
inventory management method in which
goods are received from suppliers only as
they are needed. The main objective of this
method is to reduce inventory holding
costs and increase inventory turnover.

4. Agile Manufacturing: Agile

manufacturing is a term applied to an
organization that has created the
processes, tools, and training to enable it
to respond quickly to customer needs and
market changes while still controlling
costs and quality. It is mostly related to
lean manufacturing.
5. Additive Manufacturing:
Additive manufacturing is the process of
creating an object by building it one layer
at a time. It is the opposite of subtractive
manufacturing, in which an object is
created by cutting away at a solid block of
material until the final product is
complete.
6. Flexible Manufacturing System:
a production method that is designed to
easily adapt to changes in the type and
quantity of the product being
manufactured. Machines and
computerized systems can be configured
to manufacture a variety of parts and
handle changing levels of production.
Hybrid Manufacturing
 A hybrid manufacturing process combines two or more
established manufacturing processes into a new combined
setup where by the advantage of each discrete process can
be exploited synergistically.
Types of Hybrid Manufacturing
Hybrid manufacturing process is aimed to enhance
process capabilities, such as material removal, tool wear,
surface quality of the product and to extend application
areas in terms of materials and part geometry.
1. Hybrid subtractive manufacturing processes
2. Hybrid additive manufacturing processes
3. Hybrid additive and subtractive manufacturing
processes
4. Hybrid subtractive and transformative manufacturing
processes
1. Hybrid Subtractive Manufacturing
Processes
Hybrid subtractive manufacturing processes normally
involves thermal, chemical, electrochemical and
mechanical interaction which have been gradually used
in the reduction of tool wear and production time and
to increase machining effectiveness with tight tolerance
and high levels of surface finish.
Mechanical machining with ECM and EDM
Laser cutting with EDM and ECM
Ultrasonic assisted turning, drilling, grinding
2. Hybrid additive manufacturing
processes
The process is used to fabricate parts comprised of
different materials
3. Hybrid Additive and Subtractive
Manufacturing Processes

This process mainly increases manufacturing flexibility

without any effect on surface finish. This hybrid technology is
currently suitable for small batch production of customized
products.
 Laser cladding and mechanical machining
 Arc welding
 Electro forming and polishing
 Injection moulding and milling
4. Hybrid subtractive and
transformative manufacturing processes
In this process only one of the participating process directly
removes the material, the other one assists in material
removal operations by changing the machining conditions for
the cutting process.
 Thermal enhanced mechanical machining
 Laser assisted mechanical machining
 Laser assisted water-jet cutting
 Cryogenic machining