Sanitary Science and

Plumbing For Building

Water supply system

December 2014, AAIT

 Contents for this session
Design principles
Water demand
Water storage
Pipe sizing
Pipe materials
Pump system
 Design principles
Common water supply system
Cold water system
Potable water
 Flushing water
Non potable water
 Cleaning water
 Fire service
 Swimming pool
 Irrigation
 Fountain circulation
Hot water systems
 Design principles
Major tasks of water systems
design
• Estimation of demands
• Supply scheme
• Water storage
• Piping layout and pipe sizing
• Pump system design

Note:- The system must comply with

EBCS-9 requirements.
 Design principles
Design outputs
• A plan showing the location and boundary
of the development
•
A plan showing the alignment and size of
the proposed connection pipes from the
main
• The locations should be marked with
datum level
• A plan showing the proposed alignment
and size of the internal underground
water pipes to be laid in the development
• Vertical plumbing line diagrams
 Design principles
Design outputs
 Design principles
Water supply riser diagram
 Water demand
Loading units
A factor given to an appliance relating
the flow rate to the duration and
frequency of use
 Water demand
Fixtures flow rate

12 wash basins 0.5 6

10 water closet 0.5 5

2 urinals 0.5 1

2 sinks 1 2

Total loading units 14

 Water storage
Storage cisterns
• Capacity
a. Type and use of building
b. Likelihood and frequency of supply
breakdown
c. Number of occupants
d. Pattern of use
 Pipe sizing
Pipe sizing procedures
1. determine loading units
2. Convert loading units to flow rate
3. Make an assumption of the pipe size
4. Work out frictional resistance per
meter
5. Determine velocity of flow(m/sec)
6. Measure length of pipe under
consideration
7. Consider frictional resistance in
 Pipe sizing
Pipe sizing procedures
8. Determine effective length of the
pipe work
9. Determine the head loss of the pie
work by multiplying 4 and 8 above
10. Subtract 6 and 10 above from the
available head to determine the
residual head. If the residual head is
less than the head required for a
particular outlet fitting repeat step 4.
 Pipe sizing
Effective pipe length
EPL = Measure pipe length +
equivalent pipe length
 Pipe sizing
Effective pipe length
Assume pipe diameter to be 20 mm
 Pipe sizing
Head loss calculation
 Pipe sizing
Head loss calculation
 Pipe sizing
Determine pipe diameter
 Pipe materials
Design and selection factors
• Effect on water quality
• Cost, service life and maintenance
needs
• Internal and external corrosion
• Compatibility of materials
• Aging, temperature effect
especially plastics
• Durability
 Pipe materials
Commonly used pipe materials
• Copper
• Galvanized iron
• PVC, U-PVC
• Stainless steel
• Ductile iron (for pipe dia >80 mm)
• Mild steel ( for pipe dia>600mm)
• Polyethylene (PE)
• Medium density polyethylene
• High density polyethylene
• Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX)
 Pump systems
Centrifugal pumps are usually used
•Vertical or horizontal
•Single and multiple stages
Pump characteristics
•Characteristics curve
i.Flow (m3/sec, L/s)
ii.Total head(m)
iii.Power (w ,kw)
iv.Efficiency (%)
 Design exercise
1. Design the internal water supply
system of the guard house.
 Design exercise
2.Design the internal water supply
system of the following G+2
dwelling unit.
Design exercise