EMBRYOLOGY

?Why
Understand underlying
relationships between
oro -facial structures

Identify developmental
problems in oro-facial region
(congenital malformations)
 Facial Development
begins at 4th week Buccopharyngeal
intra-uterine membrane

Fronto- nasal
process

stomodeum

precardiac
plate

:Stomodeum bounded by
the developing brain: superiorly,
the developing heart: cardiac plate inferiorly,
The mandibular arch: laterally
DEVELOPMENT OF THE FACE

:Date begins at 4th w.i.u

Frontonasal
“embryonic process:
Primordia ”processes lateral 2 Intermaxilla
.nasal pr ry process.
2 maxillary
?How processes
Fusion dev.takes place
2 mandibular
processes
Malformations mal-fusion Congenital
birth defects
 Embryonic processes surrounding
the stomodeum

Fronto-
nasal
maxillary
process
process

stomodeum
mandibular
process
Appearance of Nasal Placodes-1

nasal placodes
Nasal placodes invaginate nasal pits

Lateral nasal
process

Nasal pit

Medial nasal
process
Medial N. P.

Lateral N.P.

Maxillary P.

Mandibular P.
Fusion of medial nasal processes at the midline

philtrum of upper lip

 Medial N.
P.

Lateral N.P.

Max. P.

Mand. P.
Upper lip : median part: intermaxillary process.
lateral part: maxillary process.

naso-lacrimal groove

Lower lip: mandibular process.

 20 weeks or 5 months

Hair, finger and

toenails begin
to form.

Fetus is skinny
and wrinkled
still.

Fetus is moving
around and the
mother can feel
the movements.
6th Month
Don’t forget 7 embryonic process
7 processes Origin Structure formed
Two mandibular Mandibular arch lower lip , Cheek, mandible, lower
processes teeth and anterior 2/3 of tongue,
lower teeth
Two Maxillary Mandibular arch Cheek and lateral parts of the upper
processes lip. Alveolar bone around canine,
premolar and molar., 2nd palate,
upper canine, upper premolar and
molar
Two lateral nasal Frontonasal process lateral wall and lateral part of the
processes nose (Ala of nose )
One inter- Frontonasal process Nasal septum & filtrum of the upper
maxillary process lip, alveolar bone around upper
incisor and primary palate
 Time for refresh
1. Which pharyngeal arch is responsible for upper and lower
jaw development?
a. Arch 1 b. Arch 2
c. Arch 3 d. Arch 4

2. Upper lip is formed of union of the following embryonic process:

A. Mandibular and maxillary process.
B. Intermaxillary and maxillary process.
C. Lateral nasal and maxillary process.
D. Palatine and maxillary process.
Mention the
origin of
each of the
following?
Facial
Malformations
Clefts of the Lip
 Cleft Lip

Unilateral incomplete

Unilateral complete

Bilateral complete
Clefts of the Lip and Palate
Fusion lines in facial development
Facial Clefts
Macrostomia (transverse facial cleft)

Lack of union
between the
maxillary and
mandibular
processes,
the cleft extends
from the angle of the
mouth to the region
of the ear.
before after
Microstomia
Over fusion of the
maxillary and
mandibular processes,
resulting in a small
mouth.
Oblique facial cleft
-Lack of fusion between the
medial and lateral nasal
processes and maxillary
processes.

-It extends from the lowest

point of the upper lip
around the edge of the
philtrum and the ala of the
nose to the inner canthus of
the eye.