Department of Applied Computational Science & Engg.

Course Code : Course Name:

Types of Networks
• LAN
– A local area network (LAN) is usually privately owned and links
the devices in a single office, building, or campus.
– Range : Up to 2 KM.
– Technology : Ethernet or Wi-Fi.
– High Transmission, Less cost, easy to maintain.
 Department of Applied Computational Science & Engg.
Course Code : Course Name:

Types of Networks
• MAN
– A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a network with a size
between a LAN and a WAN. It normally covers the area inside a
town or a city.
– It is designed for customers who need a high-speed connectivity,
normally to the Internet, and have endpoints spread over a city
or part of city.
– Range : 5 to 50 KM.
– Avg Speed, Error rate and High cost.
 Department of Applied Computational Science & Engg.
Course Code : Course Name:

Types of Networks
• WAN
– A wide area network (WAN) provides long-distance transmission
of data, image, audio, and video information over large
geographic areas that may comprise a country, a continent, or
even the whole world.
– Technology : Internet.
– Range : Above 50 KM.
– Very difficult to maintain.
– High Error rate and Cost.
 Department of Applied Computational Science & Engg.
Course Code : Course Name:

Transmission Media
• Transmission medium is the way in which data is transmitted from one place
to another.
• Each of the message can be sent in the form of data by converting them
into binary digits. These binary digits are then encoded into a signal that can
be transmitted over the medium.
 Department of Applied Computational Science & Engg.
Course Code : Course Name:

Transmission Media
 Department of Applied Computational Science & Engg.
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Transmission Media
• Guided media, which are those that provide a path from one device
to another.
• Having connectivity between a source and destination using cables
or wires.
• Having physical existence.
• Three types:-
– Twisted-Pair Cable
– Coaxial Cable
– Fiber-Optic Cable
 Department of Applied Computational Science & Engg.
Course Code : Course Name:

Transmission Media - Guided

Twisted Pair cable
• Most widely used transmission media. It consist of two separately insulated conductor
wires wound each other. Pair of copper wires. Twisted Pair is of two types:
1. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP):
• ⇢ Least expensive, Easy to install, High-speed capacity
• Disadvantages:⇢ Susceptible to external interference
• ⇢ Lower capacity and performance in comparison to STP
• ⇢ Short distance transmission due to attenuation
• Shielded Twisted Pair (STP):
This type of cable consists of a special jacket (a copper braid covering or a foil shield) to
block external interference. It is used in fast-data-rate Ethernet and in voice and data
channels of telephone lines.
• ⇢ Better performance at a higher data rate in comparison to UTP, Eliminates crosstalk,
Comparatively faster
• Disadvantages:⇢ Comparatively difficult to install and manufacture and More expensive
 Department of Applied Computational Science & Engg.
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Transmission Media - Guided

 Department of Applied Computational Science & Engg.
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Transmission media - Guided

Coaxial Cable
• are copper cables with better shielding than twisted pair cables, so
transmitted signals may travel longer distances at higher speed. The
shield minimizes electrical and radio frequency interference.
• Used by cable Television industry.
• Two wires of copper.
 Department of Applied Computational Science & Engg.
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Transmission media - Guided

Fiber Optic Cable
• It uses the concept of refraction of light through a core made up of
glass or plastic. The core is surrounded by a less dense glass or
plastic covering called the cladding. It is used for the transmission of
large volumes of data.
• The cable can be unidirectional or bidirectional. The WDM
(Wavelength Division Multiplexer) supports two modes, namely
unidirectional and bidirectional mode.
 Department of Applied Computational Science & Engg.
Course Code : Course Name:

Transmission media - Guided

Fiber optic Cable
• Medical Purpose: Used in several types of medical instruments.
• Defence Purpose: Used in transmission of data in aerospace.
• For Communication: This is largely used in formation of internet cables.
• Increased capacity and bandwidth
• Lightweight
• Less signal attenuation
• Immunity to electromagnetic interference
• .
 Department of Applied Computational Science & Engg.
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Transmission media - Unguided

• Unguided media transport electromagnetic waves without using a
physical conductor. This type of communication is often referred to
as wireless communication.

• .
 Department of Applied Computational Science & Engg.
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Transmission media - Radio Waves

 The sending and receiving antennas need not be aligned. Frequency
Range:3KHz – 1GHz. AM and FM radios and cordless phones use
Radio waves for transmission.
 Radio waves are used for multicast communications, such as radio
and television, and paging systems. They can penetrate through
walls. Highly regulated. Use omni directional antennas

• .
 Department of Applied Computational Science & Engg.
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Transmission media - Microwaves

• It is a line of sight transmission i.e. the sending and receiving
antennas need to be properly aligned with each other. The distance
covered by the signal is directly proportional to the height of the
antenna. Frequency Range:1GHz – 300GHz. These are majorly
used for mobile phone communication and television distribution.
• Microwaves are used for unicast communication such as cellular
telephones, satellite networks, radar
and wireless LANs
• .
 Department of Applied Computational Science & Engg.
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Transmission media - Infrared waves

• Infrared signals have frequencies between 300 GHz to 400 THz.
They are used for short-range communication like TV remote,
wireless speakers, automatic doors etc.
• High frequencies .
• Can not penetrate walls.
• We can not use them outside a building because sun’s rays contain
infrared waves that can interfere with communication.

• .
THANK YOU